Ethical Dilemmas in the New York Police Department Assignment

Ethical Dilemmas in the New York Police Department - Assignment Example The judgments made by an officer are supposed to be consistent with the police code of ethics and deviation from this makes their act unethical. However, dilemmas arise due to the environment; and the ethics are not as black and white as before. This paper takes an in depth analysis into these dilemmas and focuses on the NYPD, and how they have and should handle such deviations. Introduction The police are the most noticeable section of law enforcement and are tasked with the responsibility of regulating harmful actions by the public and protecting civil rights. The expectation set for the police is high; they are not only expected to enforce the law but to be exemplary in moral conduct, as they are model for the citizens to emulate. When the police deviate from this expectation, the public lose confidence in the system and what the law can accomplish as they who are regarded as the epitome of the law cannot abide by it. This makes police ethics and action dire, both to the public an d other law enforcement agencies (Pollock, 2012). 1. Ethical dilemma Before one becomes an agent of the law, he/she is required to make an oath to abide by the Law enforcement code of ethics. The code states: As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence and disorder; and to respect the Constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality, and justice. †¦.. I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities, or friendships to influence my decision. With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courageously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice, or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence, and never accepting gratuities (DPS, 2009). Police officers are expected to adhere by the code and this is enforced in training where the recruits are taught police culture. The NYPD boasts of having an academy that offers training to recruits and integrates character traits and virtues that embody the police force. These include courage, honesty, integrity and loyalty. These traits and virtues are put into question when the officer gets to the field and encounters real life situations, just like the rest of us. The common ethical dilemmas that face the police are on particular crimes and they include the following: Torture/ police brutality: also known as dirty haring, where a police officer tortures a suspect for information, especially when it is organized crime. The information held by the suspect is crucial in bringing down a mob or even syndicate. The officer feels he has the duty to protect the citizen and goes to distant measures to acquire the information, even if it means the use of force (McCarthy R. & McCarthy J, 2011). Illegal search: the law requires that an officer to have a search warrant in order to enter into a private property and make a legal search. However, an officer on the field may find that hard to do as timing is of essence in crime fighting as crime happens in real time. This means if the officer is to keep the law, he will have to go in pursuit of a warrant thereby letting the illegal transaction go through. The police officer is torn in between preserving the law and enforcing the law, antagonistic virtues promoted by the police culture at such moments (Barker, 2011).

Moratorium on Deep-Water Drilling For Retail Gas Prices Coursework

Moratorium on Deep-Water Drilling For Retail Gas Prices - Coursework Example Marathon’s Product Process The production process in MPC takes place in three phases, i.e. refining, transporting, and marketing. The refining phase is executed with the assistance of sis-plant refinery network system. Crude oils gathered from the supply markets of Midwest and various parts of Southeast are refined in these plants with the capacity of around 1,142,000 barrels per day (bpd) accumulatively. Notably, two different types of crude oils are refined in these plants, i.e. sweet crude oils (46% approx) and sour crude oils (54% approx) which are collected from national as well as international suppliers. These refineries are located in six different parts of the continent, i.e. Louisiana, Kentucky, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and Texas. The refineries are not only different in terms of their location but are also diverse in terms of sizes and their strengths (as cited in Marathon Petroleum Corporation, 2011). ... In this context, the biggest limitation of the company shall be recognized as the integrated management system implemented in its refining phase of production. This indicates the refining phase of production process to be open for greatest number of efficiency improvements. It is due to the fact that all the six plants tend to be different from each other to a large extent in terms of operations, size and strengths. Thus, it is likely to become quite challenging to manage the vivid operations through the implementation of an integrated plan. 2.0. Relationship between the Retail Price of Gasoline and World Demand for Crude Oil Experts have stated that the retail price of gasoline and the price for crude oil are asymmetrically related to each other. To be illustrated, the retail price of gasoline is examined to rise substantially with the rise in the price of crude oil. However, the retail price of gasoline tends to fall leisurely when the price for crude oil substantially minimizes. This presents an asymmetric relationship between the two fac tors (Balke, Brown, & Yucel, 1998). On the similar context, the price elasticity of demand for crude oil is termed to be least, i.e. with a significant rise in the crude oil prices; it is likely that the demand for the product will diminish but not extensively (Cooper, 2003). Therefore, it can be stated that the global demand for the crude oil and retail prices of gasoline are asymmetrically related. This indicates that fall in demand due to the price increase of crude oil will have an inverse impact on the retail price of gasoline resulting in substantial price hike of the commodity.

Justice in Platos Republic and Hobbes Leviathan Essay -- Politics Phi

One of the main concepts in both Plato's Republic and Hobbes' Leviathan is justice. For Plato, the goal of his Republic is to discover what justice is and to demonstrate that it is better than injustice. Plato does this by explaining justice in two different ways: through a city or polis and through an individual human beings soul. He uses justice in a city to reveal justice in an individual. For Hobbes, the term justice is used to explain the relationship between morality and self-interest. Hobbes explains justice in relation to obligations and self-preservation. This essay will analyze justice specifically in relation to the statement ? The fool hath said in his heart, there is no such thing as justice? Looking at Hobbes? reply to the fool will demonstrate that his main goal was to declare what people ought to do when interacting with others and what can be expected in return for that behaviour. By analyzing the Republic, it will be shown that Plato would most likely differ w ith the statement made by the fool because the main of premise the book in itself is to discover the definition of justice. To understand Hobbes? reply to the fool, one must first define justice according to Hobbes. He believes that justice is men performing their covenants made and the constant will of giving every man his own. A covenant is a part of a contract, or ?mutual transferring of right, in which at least one of the parties ?is to perform in time to come?. Hobbes maintains that it is never against reason to complete a covenant when man has the security that others will also perform covenants made with him. However, the problem that arises from forming covenants is that just because people enter into a covenant to perform some actio... ...ing so he also showed that there is such a thing a justice within a city as well as in an individual. Thus, Plato?s reply to the fool would be that indeed there is such a thing as justice. And justice is good because it benefits in this life as well as the next. Therefore, even though a man may wish to behave unjustly when he can, as with the myth of the ring of Gyges, behaving justly will have the most rewards. Both Plato and Hobbes present different views of justice in reply to the fool. Plato, claiming one should be just because it is good in itself, where as Hobbes claims being just is good for the pursuit of self-interest or preservation. Despite the difference of opinion on justice between the two philosophers, it is clear that the fool?s statement has been refuted. For there is such a thing as justice despite the differences in how the term is defined.

No Idea

GRANITE SLABS AT ACCOMMODATION CLUSTER 1. Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 1: â€Å"If you †¦ do not understand that you got to defend this [Country], then in the end we will lose. Others will come, smack you down and take over. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister (1967) Quote 2: (Proposed @ Sierra) â€Å"What he or she has in Singapore, he or she must be prepared to fight for and defend. Otherwise it will be lost. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister (1967) Quote 3: â€Å"An officer must live by the SAFTI motto – â€Å"To Lead, To Excel, To Overcome†.He must be ready to serve not just for himself but for the sake of a greater good: his comrades, his men, his unit and his country. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 4: â€Å"The success of Singapore depends upon how well we uphold these ideals: the constant drive to excel in all that we do, as individuals and as a nation, and a willingness to share responsibility for the common good. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 5: â₠¬Å"The SAF is a citizens' militia, and its officer corps has a leadership role that extends beyond the SAF.The values inculcated in SAF officers are the same ones that they will transmit to their men, and which will permeate our society. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 6: â€Å"However, no one can teach each of you how to be a leader of men. You will have to learn how to earn the respect and confidence of other men placed under your charge, what moves them, and why some officers are better than others in getting their men to do better. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 7: â€Å"You will be responsible not only for what you yourself do, but also for your subordinates, what they do, or fail to do. Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 8: â€Å"However, later in life, you will realise that how to get on with other men and how to get them to do things to the best of their ability, are amongst the most important things in life. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew Quote 9: â€Å"There are several characteristics commo n in men in top positions: strength of character and a mind able to take in the details and complexities of a problem quickly, seize hold of the essential elements, and act decisively to tackle the problem. † Mr Lee Kuan YewQuote 10: â€Å"The SAF must have men who are emotionally stable and totally committed to Singapore. We shall have an efficient and effective defence force, dedicated to ensure the security of all in Singapore. † Mr Lee Kuan Yew 2. Dr Goh Keng Swee Quote 11: â€Å"We must never forget that our existence as an independent sovereign state cannot be made to depend on the sufferance of others. The most dependable guarantee of our independence is a strong SAF: A strong SAF, in turn, depends on the political will to make the effort and pay the price. Dr Goh Keng Swee, Minister for Defence (1984) Quote 12: â€Å"Singapore survives and prospers because it has been able to adjust to quickly changing situations. For this, we need people with keen minds, able to see beyond the routine and the ordinary to perceive the big opportunities ahead and to think out bold, imaginative yet practical plans and to carry these out successfully. † Dr Goh Keng Swee, Minister for Defence (1972) Quote 13: â€Å"The guns we provide the SAF are as effective as the soldiers who fire them.The soldiers are as effective as the officers who lead them. † Dr Goh Keng Swee, Minister for Defence (1981) 3. Dr Ng Eng Hen Quote 14: (Proposed @ Bravo) â€Å"The ultimate measure of the SAF's strength lie in the will and resolve of our people to defend Singapore. † Dr Ng Eng Hen, Minister for Defence (2011) 4. Dr Tony Tan Quote 15: (Proposed @ Hotel) â€Å"The defence of Singapore is the sacred duty and solemn responsibility of each and every Singaporean who calls our Nation home. † Dr Tony Tan, Minister for Defence (2000)

Essay about Childhood Obesity in African American Children

Childhood obesity is a consequential medical condition that effects the youth and adolescence of society. This disorder creates health problems that were once only seen in adults, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although childhood obesity is a world wide issue, the percentage of overweight children differs, especially throughout the United States. Today, the greatest population suffering from this disease are African American children who reside in the southern part of the country. Parents, as well as children, continue to support unhealthy lifestyles even though they are well aware of the life-threatening diseases caused by obesity. It is apparent that living an unhealthy lifestyle, as well as eating poorly, negatively†¦show more content†¦(Torgan) In 2000, the total cost of obesity in the United States was estimated to be $117 billion. (Torgan) The amount of obese children in the United States is increasing drastically. One factor or cause of this phenomenon is unable to be isolated, because there are so many FACTORS that play a roll. Nutrition and eating habits are an obvious reason as to why most children are becoming obese. Only 21 percent of young people eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetable each day, and nearly half of all vegetable servings are fried potatoes. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) French fries are often mistaken for a vegetable, when really they acquire no nutritional value. Parents are replacing fresh vegetables with fried vegetables and assume their children are receiving the daily recommended intake. However, all of the required intakes are falling short. In 1996, only 12 percent of children were getting the daily recommendations for dairy; and only 18 percent were getting their recommended fruit intake. (USDA) The consumption of milk has decreased substantially. The production and popularity of other beverages, such as soda and juice,have taken precedence over milk. In 1977, children dr ank milk four times more than any other beverage they consumed. (USDA) But that statistic fell to 1.5 times that amount in 1996. (USDA) Sugary,Show MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Overweight / Obesity1616 Words   |  7 PagesStatement: POPULATION/PATIENT PROBLEM: Both researchers studied the incidence of overweight/obesity in African-American children. One related it to the low socioeconomic status of the caregivers (SEP) and this study/research was conducted in Pitt County, North Carolina. The other research, four childhood obesity perceptions among African-American caregivers in a rural area Georgia community relates overweight/obesity on the parents’ level of education, income, eating habits and lack of physical activitiesRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects1551 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity has become an epidemic in our nation. Currently, more than one in six American children is obese, which is three times the rate as that of the 1970s [1]. Obesity contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease, different types of cancers, as well as diabetes. About 70% of obese children/adolescents have at least one risk factor for heart disease, such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and almost 40% of obese youths have at least two additional risk factors. Increase in ratesRead MoreCommunity After School Program Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesMontgomery County After School Program caters to children ages 5-11 years of age. The Mid County Center After School Program receives children from Bel Pre and Strathmore Elementary Schools. Both schools are considered Title I, which means that the school has a majority of children from low-income families. The school provides free breakfast and lunch to all students. Bel Pre and Strathmore Elementary School receive funding from Elementary and Secondary Education Act to assist the schools in meetingRead MoreEssay On Obesity In African American Children1524 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity in African American children between the ages of 2-19. Obesity in African American children has been found to be much higher than in Caucasian American children. There is almost a 6% disparity between them. Alarmingly, this continues to grow and is currently affecting younger children in the African communities. A survey polled between 1999 to 2012 showed the following: 35.1 percent of African American children ages 2 to 19 were overweight, compared with 28.5 percent of WhiteRead MoreChildhood Obesity Among African American And Hispanic American Families Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigate the problem of childhood obesity among African-American and Hispanic-American families in a rural school district in southeast Texas. In 2008, there were 200 million males and nearly 300 million females who were obese and approximately 42 million children, five years and under, were obese in 2013 (World Health Organization Factsheet 311, 2014). First Lady Michelle Obama launched her LET’S MOVE! initiative after engaging in national conversations with America’s children when she broke groundRead MoreEnvironmental Influences On Childhood Obesity1717 Words   |  7 PagesSocial? Obesity has become a large and dark reality in United States. For someone who does not have sociological imagination being overweight is the result of bad personal choices or genetic predisposition. (Crosnoe) Cultural beliefs and practices related to food and feeding vary among ethnic groups, and these differences may contribute to different patterns of obesity in children and youth, related to their ethnicity. As described in the epidemiological overview show higher than average obesity prevalenceRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Developing Problem1197 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in America is a developing problem, and not just in adults. Today, one in three American children and teens are either overweight or obese; almost triple the ra te previously in 1963. Child obesity has expeditiously become one of the most genuine health challenges of the 21st century (â€Å"10 Surprising Facts About Childhood Obesity†). Physical inactivity, race, junk food in schools, the mass media, and the child’s parents flaws are all factors that have resulted in the prevalence of childhoodRead MoreObesity : Affects Minority Youth Populations949 Words   |  4 PagesObesity disproportionally affects certain minority youth populations. According to the NHANES found African American and Mexican American adolescents between ages 12-19 were more likely to be overweight, the percentile ratio show that 21 to 23 percent respectively than non-Hispanic White adolescents in children 6-11 years old and 22 percent of Mexican American children were overweight, whereas 20 percent of African American children and14 percent of non Hispanic White children were overweight. Read MoreFood Guide Pyramid And Mypyramid898 Words   |  4 Page scue to prompt consumers to think about their food choices across food groups and to build a healthy plate at meal times† (Levine et al., 2012). MyPlate like its predecessors, the Food Guide Pyramid and MyPyramid follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), which includes communication tools and materials to assist with choosing healthy food options. In addition, the MyPlate Web site encompasses â€Å"the SuperTracker tool to personalize food plans, consumer educational materials and e-tools, socialRead MoreEssay On Obesity In African American Children1496 Words   |  6 PagesObesity among African American Children In the general population, childhood obesity has increased considerably in the current times compared to two decades ago and certain ethnic communities and races have inexplicably been affected (Rippo Angelopoulos, 2016). Kovner and Knickman (2011) state the health status of the people varies across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Obesity among African American children has become a major point of concern in the modern society. It is evident

Table of Common Ka Values for Weak Acids

Ka is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of a weak acid. A weak acid is one which only partially dissociates in water or an aqueous solution. The value of Ka is used to calculate pH of weak acids. The pKa value is used to choose a buffer when needed. Choosing an acid or base where pKa is close to the pH needed gives the best results. Relating pH, Ka, and pKa pH, Ka, and pKa are all related to each other. For an acid HA: Ka [H][A-] / [HA]pKa - log KapH - log([H]) At the halfway point on an equivalence curve,  pHpKa Ka of Weak Acids Name Formula Ka pKa acetic HC2H3O2 1.8 x 10-5 4.7 ascorbic (I) H2C6H6O6 7.9 x 10-5 4.1 ascorbic (II) HC6H6O6- 1.6 x 10-12 11.8 benzoic HC7H5O2 6.4 x 10-5 4.2 boric (I) H3BO3 5.4 x 10-10 9.3 boric (II) H2BO3- 1.8 x 10-13 12.7 boric (III) HBO32- 1.6 x 10-14 13.8 carbonic (I) H2CO3 4.5 x 10-7 6.3 carbonic (II) HCO3- 4.7 x 10-11 10.3 citric (I) H3C6H5O7 3.2 x 10-7 6.5 citric (II) H2C6H5O7- 1.7 x 105 4.8 citric (III) HC6H5O72- 4.1 x 10-7 6.4 formic HCHO2 1.8 x 10-4 3.7 hydrazidic HN3 1.9 x 10-5 4.7 hydrocyanic HCN 6.2 x 10-10 9.2 hydrofluoric HF 6.3 x 10-4 3.2 hydrogen peroxide H2O2 2.4 x 10-12 11.6 hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- 1.2 x 10-2 1.9 hypochlorous HOCl 3.5 x 10-8 7.5 lactic HC3H5O3 8.3 x 10-4 3.1 nitrous HNO2 4.0 x 10-4 3.4 oxalic (I) H2C2O4 5.8 x 10-2 1.2 oxalic (II) HC2O4- 6.5 x 10-5 4.2 phenol HOC6H5 1.6 x 10-10 9.8 propanic HC3H5O2 1.3 x 10-5 4.9 sulfurous (I) H2SO3 1.4 x 10-2 1.85 sulfurous (II) HSO3- 6.3 x 10-8 7.2 uric HC5H3N4O3 1.3 x 10-4 3.9

The Changes that Came About after the American Revolution

After the American Revolution, Americans, who were free of British control, started to reevaluate politics, the economy and society. The American Revolution changed American considerably politically because Americans rely on democracy rather than monarchy, socially because the roles of certain social groups experienced a nuance change, and economically because the Americans freed themselves from having to send their raw materials to England and created their own currency. With these changes also revolved some aspects that this soon to be strong country still has today. When first breaking away from Britain, Americans wanted their government to not resemble Britain’s at all. To do this, the 13 colonies wrote the articles of confederation to form a completely different type of government. However, the government under the Articles had virtually no power because it couldn’t raise money through taxes. Due to this they knew that they had to call in for a more centralized gov ernment. As the constitution was written and it was in the process of being ratified by all the states, the federalist papers written mostly by Alexander Hamilton were written. In one paper by James Madison, he writes â€Å"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition† (Document I), this was the beginning of the invention of the checks and balances system that we use today as well. After the Constitution was ratified it both similar and different to the British government. This was one of the greatest goals theyShow MoreRelatedRevolutions are usually described as â€Å"radical† events. A â€Å"radical† event is defined as one that700 Words   |  3 PagesRevolutions are usually described as â€Å"radical† events. A â€Å"radical† event is defined as one that greatly changes the political, cultural, social, and/or economic nature of a society. I believe that the American Revolution was a radical event that dramatically changed our society. There we re many impacts to the changes such as slavery, primogeniture, the Articles of Confederation, republican motherhood, and government. This was the time in life, that we as America gained our independence from BritainRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1362 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radicalRead MoreEssay on Causes of the American Revolution548 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Revolution was a dramatic change in the political, social, and economic system of New England. 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This was a radical change in the political stage where the people were ruled by a distant king that had no interest in the welfare of the colonies beyond its enrichment to the crownRead MoreWhy Did Jefferson Argue That Religious Freedom Is Needed?893 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is a result of Thomas Jefferson’s believes about religious freedom. In his document he wrote that â€Å"no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place or ministry whatsoever.†1 That means that no individual should be forced to believe in a certain religion and much less by the order of state or government. In his day Jefferson held profoundly perspectives of the religious convictions of the greater part of his fellow American. In spite of this, he was committed to the freedomsRead MoreThe American Revolution Was Truly Revolutionary Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesMany revolutions have taken place throughout history, ranging from the unremarkable to the truly memorable, such as the French Revolution, the Bolshevik Revolution and the American Revolution. Through an examination of the social, cultural, economic and political causes of the American Revolution, an exploration of key arguments both for and against the American Revolution, and an analysis of the social, cultural, economic and political changes brought about by the American Revolution it can be demonstratedRead MoreEffects Of The Columbian Exchange1121 Words   |  5 Pagesincluded the transfer of diseases between Europe and the Americas.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Old World diseases were transferred European sailors to Native Americans. The diseases played at least as big of role in defeating the Native Americans as advanced weaponry did (Craig). In the first 20 years after the first encounter, wherever the Europeans went, large numbers of Native Americans died. The most deadly disease was smallpox, killing millions of people. Bubonic plague, typhoid, typhus, influenza, measles, chickenRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states bu t by the appearance of the newRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the newRead MoreThe American Revolution Was A Political Disturbance That Happened Between 1765 And 1783893 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution was a political disturbance that happened between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies disallowed the British monarchy and aristocracy. Which they then overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America. Beginning in 1765, members of the American colonial society prohibited the authority of the British to tax them without colonial representatives in the government. The Patriot leadership professed the political