CIPD Profession Map Essay

Introduction This report is a brief summary of the CIPD Profession Map, the two core professional areas, the specialist areas, the bands and the behaviours. It will be going into more detail in the activities and knowledge specified within the professional area of Performance and Rewards at band 1 level. It will identify the activities and knowledge most essential to my own HR role. The CIPD Profession Map (CIPD, 2013) The professional map is a universal platform for HR professionals, which describes what you need to do, what you need to know and how to do it. It is designed by professionals for professionals. The 10 Professional Areas There are two core professional areas; Insights, Strategy and Solutions and Leading HR, these sit at the centre of the profession and are relevant to all HR professionals in all roles, locations and at all stages of the HR career. These two areas support the direction of the profession as a business discipline. Insights, Strategy and Solutions – Developing an understanding of an organisation and its back-ground in order to style its strategy and solutions and to meet its needs for now and in the future, by reading relevant information and articles to build and broaden an understanding of new initiatives and practices across areas of HR. Leading HR – Act as a role-model to expand the influence HR makes to the organisation both through its own efforts and through supporting, developing and measuring others across the organisation. This can be done by providing advice confidentially based on a sound understanding of the organisations policy and practice. (CIPD, The CIPD Pr ofession Map, pp. 10, 14) The remaining eight professional areas are: Organisational Design – To ensure the organisation is suitably planned to deliver maximum impact in the short and long term. Organisational Development – Identify organisational and individual capability requirements  and support all processes to enhance effectiveness and achieve organisation goals, culture, behaviours and skills Resourcing and Talent Planning – Ensuring the organisation has the right resource, competence, ability and talent to achieve the immediate and strategic goals. Learning and Development – Build individual and organisational capability and knowledge to meet current and strategic requirements. Performance and Reward – Deliver programmes that reward and recognise key employees, in a fair and cost effective manner. Employee Engagement – Strengthen the connection between the organisation and employees so that employees are more fulfilled by their work. Employee Relations – Underpin the organisations culture, practices, policies and relevant law. Service Delivery and Information – Customer focused delivery across the entire employee lifecycle. (CIPD, The CIPD Profession Map, pp. 17-39) The 4 Bands and Transitions The four bands of professional competence outline the influence that professionals make at every stage of their HR career. The transition challenges relate to moving from one band to another. (CIPD, The CIPD Profession Map, pp. 6-7) The 8 Behaviours Below are eight behaviours that each HR professional needs to carry out their activities: 1. Curious 2. Decisive Thinker 3. Skilled Influencer 4. Personally Credible 5. Collaborative 6. Driven to Deliver 7. Courage to Challenge 8. Role Model (CIPD, The CIPD Profession Map, p. 43) The Professional Area of Performance and Reward Performance and rewards is defined as: â€Å"Help create and maintain a high-achieving organisation culture by delivering programmes that reward and recognise key employees capabilities, skills, behaviours, experience and performance, and ensure that reward systems are market-relevant and cost effective† At Band 1 the following activities need to be done: Identify requirements and develop strategy Diversity and compliance Implement pay and reward practice Execute individually tailored and international rewards Communication and performance culture The most essential to my role is Identify Requirements and Develop Strategy, in the last annual appraisals I was tasked with collating the appraisal forms and analysing the data on the forms to provide information to directors as to how employees felt about their future within the organisation and what the organisation could do to further their career progression. The most essential area of my role is: Collate Data Analyse Data After completing the evaluation of My HR Map tool the following areas were identified for development: Become a policy expert Know the organisation by studying the performance and rewards data and familiarise myself with the policies and practices. Keep abreast of relevant employment law Spend time with expatriate employees to understand impact Use my own network to provide feedback. Conclusion This report has briefly summarised the CIPD Profession Map – the 2 core professional areas, 8 specialist professional areas, the 4 bands and 8 behaviours. It has also commented on the activities and knowledge specified within the Performance and Rewards professional area at band 1. Activity 2 How a HR Practitioner should ensure the services they provide are timely and effective: Within my HR role, my three main customers are: 1. Current Employees 2. Future Employees 3. Management Customers Needs Current Employees Information on employment contracts and policies Future Employees Induction – information on company policies Management Guidance and advice on staffing issues Firstly you need to establish what the customer’s requirements are by asking questions and collating the data to understand the customer’s needs. Your service delivery approach should use effective technology and comply with the organisations procedures. It is important to build a customer service culture and measure its effectiveness. Prioritising the needs of each customer can be problematic, as each one can feel their need is greater. For example current employees may need information regarding their benefits such as private medical and future employees may be asking questions on company policies with regard to annual leave before they sign their employment contract, which in turn will mean management will be chasing for this to be resolved as quickly as possible. As an HR professional it would be your job to ascertain which demands were the most urgent, ensuring that customer focus needs are managed in a timely and effective manner. It is important that all customers are kept informed and given realistic expectations of how and when HR can deal with their questions. Effective Communication Below is a table with 3 examples of effective communications to customers: Communication Advantages Disadvantages Telephone Conversation Instant Personal Global Reach Ability to Conference Call Time Zones Unable to Read Body-language Signal Problems No Audit Trail Social Media Instant Large Audience Visual Good for Recruitment Not Confidential Character Size Limit Access Mis-use Post Recorded Personal Confidential Audit Trail Slow Cost Time Consuming Unsure if message has been understood Delivering Service on Time and on Budget For effective service delivery HR needs to prioritise to ensure that any queries are handled in an effective manner according to urgency and what impact it has on the customer and the organisation. To deliver the service  you must ensure you are consistent and that you understand what expectations your customers have. Managing time and current workload is crucial to ensure that the service is delivered on time. An HR practitioner should always be aware of the cost constraints and the organisational financial model supporting service delivery. It is important to have service delivery targets within an organisation, such as a Service Level Agreement, which is an extension of the customer care concept. Dealing with Difficult Customers and Resolving Complaints When dealing with difficult customers it is important to plan your response carefully and to ensure that the following steps are met: Listen to what they are saying – do not interrupt Sympathise / empathise Don’t justify Ask relevant questions Agree a course of action Check the course of action – use their words to clarify If the above is followed, it will make the customer feel valued and promote the HR department for giving excellent customer service. Bibliography CIPD. (2013). www.cipd.co.uk. CIPD. (n.d.). The CIPD Profession Map.

Example a Level Psychology Experiment Essay

Hypothesis – there will be a significant positive relationship between the scores on a memory test and scored on a test to predict your chance of being a millionaire Null Hypothesis – there will be no significant relationship between scores on a memory test and scores on a test measuring the chances of becoming a millionaire and any relationship is due to chance Method: Design – the method of the experiment was a correlational study; this was used in order to see whether there was a relationship between the scores on a memory test and scores on a millionaire test. The experiment used co variables, which were the score on the memory test and score on the millionaire test. Controls – in order ensure the test was reliable the extraneous variables needed to be controlled. Standardised instructions were used as a control to give all participants the same instructions during the experiment, which meant that the experimenter did not affect the communication of the instructions by changing them for each participant which reduces the amount on experimenter bias. A further control that was used was using anonymous data by assigning each participant a number to record that data on a table, rather than using individual’s names. Participants – the target population for the experiment were young people in the Gosport area of each gende r. The sampling method was an opportunity sample of 10 students aged 17-18 both males and females (2 males and 8 females) at Bay House Sixth Form from an A Level Psychology class and the researcher was a Psychology teacher at Bay House Sixth Form. Apparatus and Materials – the materials used for the experiment were a list of 34 words created by the researcher that were projected onto the board, paper and pens provided for the participants to record the number of words they remembered, a watch to time the one minute period of remembering and writing down the words, an online questionnaire to measure likelihood of becoming a millionaire at bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/surveys/millionaire1/index.shtml Procedure – the participants were firstly given an explanation of the research and what the study would entail for them. They were them given the equipment they required to complete the memory test whilst remaining anonymous and were given standardise instructions by the researcher of how to complete the test and the rules of the research. The participants were then shown the list of 34 words to memorise by projecting the list on the board and where given one minute to memorise as many words as possible. The words were then hidden and the researcher projected instructions to the participants to write down all the words they remembered and they were given one minute to do so. The number of words memorised were recorded by the researcher by assigning each participant with a number and they stated out loud their score. The participants were then asked to move to a computer room to complete an online survey to test their likelihood of becoming a millionaire, after they completed the questionnaire the participants had to record their score next to their memory score on a board. The participants were then debriefed by the researcher. Ethics – there were few ethical issues in the experiment as informed consent was gained by the researcher to ensure the participants were given instructions and the aim of the research. Therefore, there was no deception in the research and so the integrity of the study was intact during the memory and millionaire tests. Furthermore, all the participants were over 16 and so there was no need for the researcher to obtain parental consent for the study. Participants were also given the right to withdraw before and during the research, therefore the participants were not pressured to take part or complete the study if they were not comfortable with the terms of the research or what the data was being used for. However, there may be ethical issues regarding the wellbeing of the participants during the research as the study may have caused stress or anxiety in the participants when completing the memory or millionaire tests because they may feel the pressure to do well in each test, although the research was anonymous and so this may have reduced the amount of stress caused by the study. Scatter Graph for Data: The scatter graph shows that there is a weak negative correlation between memory test scores and millionaire test scores, which means that it does not necessrily prove our hypothesis that there will be a significant postive relationship between the two co variables. Therefore, the hypothesis needs to be rejected and the null hypothesis can be accepted as the null hypotehsis reflects what our results show on the scatter graph. The graph can also help identify outliers, as the partipant that scored significantly higher on the memory test and lower on this millionaire test could be regarded as an outlier as it does not follow the pattern of the other data found from the research. Evaluation: Design – the design that was used in this research was correlational, which is good as allows us to identify if there is a relationship between two co variables as well as allowing research to be conducted that cannot be done in a lab experiment as is would not be viable. However, correlational studies do not show cause and effect between the two co variables and so it cannot be stated that having a good memory will cause a person to become a millionaire in the future as it could just as easily be that being a millionaire causes a person to have a good memory. Sample – the sample that as used in this study was very small, as only 10 people took part in the research; also the participants were psychology students. Therefore due to the small sample and the specific type of participant the results may not be able to be generalised to the wider population. Furthermore, gender may have been an issue with the sample as there were only 2 males, whereas there were 8 females, therefore there was not an equal mix of each gender and so the results cannot be generalised. Tests – the tests that were used in the study were a memory test created by the researcher and an online questionnaire to predict that chance that the participants would have of becoming a millionaire. The memory test was good as it used standardised instructions, meaning that the test was more reliable as the same instructions were shown to all participants at the same time, which reduces the amount on researcher bias and means that participants can query any confusion they have. Moreover, the standardise instructions mean that there is high control in the research and so the results are reliable. The millionaire test may have had some issues as the closed questions that were used may have not provided an applicable answer, resulting in participants answering questions incorrectly which may have an effect on the results.

Discuss the various theories that might help explain a person's Essay

Discuss the various theories that might help explain a person's attraction to and an involvement in the subcultures of outlaw motorcycle gangs - Essay Example Further, resistance to the social hierarchy motivated most of these people to participate to the motorcycle gang. This theory holds that these motorcycle clubs offers a platform for a person with high propensity for criminal activity to unite to form a group in order to run businesses of different levels of sophistication. A person can also be attracted to these groups because of social isolation (Hayes, 2011). Social isolation makes a person pay more attention to the underworld. Motorcycle subculture groups incorporate their lives in ways that makes a person to exercise spontaneous and planned criminal activities. In addition, a person can be attracted to outlaw motorcycle gangs because they perceive a different sense of belonging within these gangs. This might be something they have been lacking in their entire life; therefore, they decide to get involved with these gangs in order to fulfill that desire or need. The other theory is the queer ladder of mobility, which asserts that a person attracted to the outlaw motorcycle gangs with the aim to create wealth and gain

Integrating Environmental Factors into Life Cycle Costing Research Paper

Integrating Environmental Factors into Life Cycle Costing - Research Paper Example This paper aims to discuss one of the recommended strategies to quantify the impact a product has on the environment, and this is life cycle costing or LCC. It provides an introduction on the concept of LCC. It describes various approaches to LCC and how these approaches contribute to getting an understanding on how a certain product affects the environment. Lastly, it includes several recommended improvements on life cycle methods. The life cycle cost of a certain asset is defined as the â€Å"total cost throughout the life† of the asset, including the cost to plan, to design or to acquire (New South Wales Treasury, 2004), to operate, to maintain, to convert and/or to decommission an asset, particularly a fixed asset (Barringer, 2003). LCC techniques are used for various purposes, from the acquisition of the asset to deciding when to retire the aging asset (p. 30, Dhillon, 1989). LCC is used across several disciplines such as accounting, finance, engineering and statistics (p. 35, Dhillon, 1989). It offers a lot of advantages for the entity that applies this concept. It enables the entity to choose â€Å"the most beneficial procurement strategy†, offers incentives to suppliers and establish long – term mutual beneficial relationships with them, choosing the optimal solutions for the entity, formulating effective (and realistic) budgets and, generally, effectively controlling the project and/or the acquisition of the assets (p. 30, Dhillon, 1989). Although the LCC is a methodology to gather the costs for further analysis and monitoring, it is inevitable that LCC will also be looked at as a possible means to solve the environmental issues faced by the world today. According to Hunkeler and Rebitzer (as quoted by Guidice, La Rosa and Risitano, 2006), LCC can play an active and important role in addressing environmental issues and concerns as â€Å"it acts as a primary link between environmental demands and the production

Religion, Feminism, and Environmentalism Research Paper - 2

Religion, Feminism, and Environmentalism - Research Paper Example Buddhism holds two concepts for feminism. In the first concept it, says that it’s better for women to take another life to be born as a man. Whereas the other concept says that genders do not matter, it is spirituality that is considered important in Buddhism. Hinduism, on the other hand, deals with ecofeminism as a scared concept. They say that the power of a goddess resides within women, and this gives them an authority over everything. Perhaps this is because there is a connection between nature and feminism that gives them the authority over nature. Christianity too treats women as sacred entities and believes in the fact that there are some similarities between nature and women. Women and nature both are considered to possess the quality of reproduction in all the religions. Ecological feminism can be defined as a concept which unites or merges the movement of nature with the movements of feminism. Eco feminists have tried to portray the importance of feminism to environmentalism (Cheney 179)2. The term ecofeminism was first used by a French writer, Francoise d’Eaubonne in 1984. She used this term for the first time in her bookâ€Å"Le Feminismeou la mort†. Ecological feminism can also be defined as a concept which connects environmentalism with feminism. It can further be elaborated as the ability of the women power to work towards the achievement of balance in the ecological processes. Ecofeminist philosophy finds, analyzes and studies the connection between the behavior that dominate the women and the behavior that can be considered detrimental for the society or the environment. Ortner was the first anthropologist to raise the question of similarities between women and nature. He said that as woman is to man, similarly nature is to culture. He said that there are many similarities between women and nature. The first one, he elaborated was the reproductive function played by both. He further added that as women

Life Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Insurance - Essay Example The amount that one receives upon the event of death is pre-fixed as it is the sum assured of the life insurance policy. To get the benefit of the life insurance scheme, the policy holder (generally the assured) has to pay certain sum to the insuring company, known as premium. Traditionally, the life insurance policies used to be of two main types namely term policy and endowment policy but now at the face of the increased competition, leading insurers have come up with more customised policies (like retirement pans, children education plans, investment plans, etc) to benefit the insured. While deciding the amount of sum assured, a person should keep several factors in mind. Firstly, he should calculate the amount that would be required by his heirs or the family to maintain the same standard of living that they presently have. Also, the payment of premium of life insurance helps in savings of one’s tax. But again, the sum assured and the sum of premium also depend on the age of the insured, place where they live among other factors. If the person (assuming he is the primary bread-earner) is around 35 years of age, a sum assured of US $ 100,000 would suffice the need. The husband can take such policy which can even act as his retirement planning. But again, the amount of sum assured would depend on the income that the person earns. The policy upon the lady of the family can bear the sum assured of at least US $ 75,000 (assuming her age to be above 30 and below 35). The child if aged around 8-10 can also have a policy. The policy of the child should be basicall y for the educational purposes and in addition of covering the life, the policy should get matured in such time, which would cater to the expenses of higher education for the child. It can also be in the range of US $ 100,000. It can be assessed from the above

Megacities of Asia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Megacities of Asia - Assignment Example As Sen (2001) discusses, women were denied opportunity to study, owner significant assets, have well paying jobs or even have access to significant amenities. A nation such as Japan might be rather egalitarian in issues of basic facilities or demography, and also, to a great level, in higher education, and yet development to eminent levels of occupation and employment appears to be much more difficult for females than for males (Sen, 2001). However, due to the spread of education, this is no longer the case. For instance, India, along with Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, have had women who have headed their governments, of which even the United States and does not appears very liable to have in the near future (Sen, 2001). Certainly, in reference to Bangladesh, where both the president and the official opposition leader are women, one may begin to wonder whether or not any male could ever rise to power there in the immediate

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

History paper - Essay Example Looking at the speech â€Å"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro,† he gave on July 5, 1852, one gets a sense that he is very unhappy with the prevailing situations and the apparent lack of progress in the fight against slavery. He poignantly enumerates the ills the slaves are suffering at the hands of their masters in a way that echoes someone who has witnessed and endured such ills. He says ‘†¦ to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages †¦ to flay their flesh with the lash †¦ to sell them at auction†¦ to sunder their families†¦ to burn their flesh.’1 This clear enumeration of the ills shows clearly that he understood what was going on, having witnessed firsthand some of this ills. To him, the aspirations of the American as espoused by the American Farmer2 that the American has moved from servile labour and useless toil to prosperity rings hollow for this group of Americans. The writing of Douglas, especially assertion that divinity and brutality cannot go hand in hand, and that one is either on one hand or the other must have been aimed at the radical abolitionists so well covered by Harris3. This abolitionist were mainly whites who had joined the blacks to bring an end to the slavery. The campaign was later to be taken up by religious revivalism with dominant figures being Arthur and Lewis Tappan4 who wanted to bring the religious approach to abolishing slavery through presenting the preaching of the bible that hold that all men are equal. The speech is inherently against the use of religious basis to perpetuate slavery through argument such as it is God ordained. But above all, he is very much against the fact that religious leaders, who ought to have known better, attended a ceremony to celebrate 4th of July knowing very well that there is nothing to celebrate in the country. The intended audience for this speech was mainly the blacks. He wanted them to know that things are getting out of hand and may not change

For what cultural critique does Margaret Atwood use the strory of Essay

For what cultural critique does Margaret Atwood use the strory of Pyramus and Thisbe - Essay Example The two are stories of contrast with regard to the ways in which men and women join in union. As a tool for cultural critique, â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† differs from 'Marrying the Hangman† in terms of the fundamental motivations of the main characters, in the way love is present and absent, and in the practical and impractical considerations of the characters (Atwood; Ovid) It can be argue that â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† serves as an ideal conception of the pure motivations of the characters, which serves as a counterpoint to the pragmatic considerations of the woman who wanted to avoid death at any cost, and made use of a loophole in the law to be spared of the hanging that was her punishment for stealing her master's wife's clothes. Pyramus and Thisbe were the ideal pure and beautiful lovers who simply wanted to be together, and finding that their families and society in general were against their being together, chose to risk their lives rather than live day to day separated by the physical walls and the social walls that kept them apart. This is a true counterpoint, because the actions and the motivations of the two lovers were totally bereft of any practical considerations, and did not even consider the dangers that met them by venturing out into the wilderness and into the dangerous tomb of Ninus. Not fearing death, the lovers in Ovid's poem in fact welcomed death as part of the price that they had to pay for love. Death did not deter them. â€Å"Thou envious wall why art though standing in the way of those who die for love?† (Ovid). There is the sense from the very start that this love was pure, that the motivations of Pyramus and Thisbe were pure, and death was the crucible that tested the purity of those motivations and intentions. In the end they would e true to their word and would take their own lives for love, just as they lamented before the wall, before they agreed to escape and to meet in the tom of Ninus. On the other hand, in contrast to this, we have the poem of Atwood of â€Å"Marrying the Hangman†, where the motivations were of a totally different flavor and source altogether. The woman, sentenced to death by hanging, also wished to be joined to a faceless voice on the other side of a wall, like in Pyramus and Thisbe. On the other hand, where the motivations of the lovers in Ovid were pure and based on love, in â€Å"Marrying the Hangman† the motivation was pure survival. Underneath it is fear, and that fear is the fear of death. It is a base motivation to be sure. The woman was afraid of death and wished to be spared of the fate of the condemned by somehow getting married to a hangman. Because there was no hangman, her only salvation lay in persuading the voice on the other side of the wall to marry her, after first becoming a hangman himself. It is a calculated motivation, far removed from love, and driven wholly by fear. It is also driven by a willingness to accept and to liv e with compromises: â€Å"The hangman is not such a bad fellow. Afterwards he goes to the refrigerator and cleans up the leftovers, though he does not wipe up what he accidentally spills† (Atwood). There is a difference too in the way love is abundant in â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† and serves as a stark contrast to its being a secondary consideration in Atwood's poem â€Å"Marrying the Hangman†. From the start in the latter poem we are made to understand that the reason for any union is not love, though they talk about that,

Network Routing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Network Routing - Assignment Example A working and configuration of a routing protocol shall also be elaborated. PROTOCOL: The protocol that is given for the completion of the task is Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). It falls in the category of link-state routing protocol. So we shall start with some information on what is link-state. LINK-STATE Link-state is a mechanism that follows the condition and connection type of every connected link and develops a metric calculation that is based on some factors that also included the factors that were set by the network engineers. The functionality of the link-state protocols is that it knows the status of the link, whether it is up or down and what is its bandwidth and calculates a cost to use that path. As we know that every router run routing protocols to find out the best path to the destination, one can consider the 'link-states' as representing the status of the interfaces on the router. (Davis, 2002) The functionality of a link-state protocol is this that it may take a p ath with more number of hops, but uses the medium that has higher bandwidth than all the other paths even with lowest number of hops. Due to the features of media type awareness and other factors, these protocols consume more processing power and memory. Link-state influences all the routers that structure up the complete topology of the whole internetwork (or of the position where router is presently located), this means that every router contains the same information of the topology. Due to this whenever a change is occurred it is broadcasted to the entire topology.  This method of routing is known as shortest path first. Protocols that work on link-state mechanism are OSPF, EGP and BGP mechanism. KEY-POIINTS: It uses Dijkstra algorithm for the calculation of shortest path. (Zhang, 2011) Every router in the network builds up the complete topology in its routing table, thus each router contains equal amount of information. It consumes space and memory more than distance vector. I t is suitable for implementing in large networks. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION The design of this network implements the virtue connection International School of Networking has a Chelmsford HQ in England and two remote sites in Mexico and Malaysia. Communication within the routers is via Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) that has fast convergence and is able to meet the demands of a large organization. The routing protocol is configured on all of the routers specified in the topology diagram and advertises to every host connected in the topology except the loopback interface attached to Chelmsford HQ. NETWORK DESIGN BACKGROUND This report is for the demonstration of network design for an International School of Networking (ISN). ISN has branch campuses at Mexico City and Kuala Lumpur. These branches are connected with Chelmsford HQ and each other. Requirement for this implementation was of an open standard routing protocol with fast convergence and support routing update security. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is the best solution for given scenario and also for large scale businesses having offices at different locations. In this network design topology three routers are interconnected logically and each router is further directly connected with two more networks. OSPF routing protocol is configured within the logical network: network topology from the network design above both the physical and logical network topology can be obtained. Using the above topology an IP-addressing scheme was created to accommodate the all the

Psychological Testing Essay Example for Free

Psychological Testing Essay Individual intelligence tests are of two types; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and Wechsler tests. They tests individuals intelligence in arithmetic, vocabulary, comprehension, verbal amongst other disciplines. Individual tests are mostly used in education placement, clinical assessment and to measure an individuals skills in the event a wide a large of individuals are being examined (Roid, 2003). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test is used in testing children that are intellectually deficient in order to place them in the special education programmes. These tests are taken individually. Individual tests are characterized by several advantages; they make it possible for the examiner to interact with the examinee establishing a rapport in which the interaction can be observed and assessed. They also provide information on why some methods and tactics used to measure intelligence fail. Individual tests also make it possible for the examiner to assess a variety of abilities in examinees as it is not restricted. Individual tests provide a better way of assessing children are emotionally disturbed (Roid, 2003). These tests make it possible for assessments to be made on examinees that are in any physical or emotional condition such as tired, sick or anxious. Group intelligence tests involve assessing a series of many different problems in a mass of examinees. They are commonly used in schools and the military. They could be aptitude tests, scholastic assessment tests or tests of cognitive abilities. They are characterised by pen and paper, usually are time limited, involve almost nil examiner to examinee interaction are have multiple choices making them easy to score. They are normally used in school and job placements, and in the study of certain norms or phenomena in a population (Santrock, 2008). Group tests have the advantage of simplifying examiners role as they are quick and easy to administer. It is also possible to administer them on simultaneously to large numbers of examinees. Scoring in group tests is more objective as compared to individual tests. Group tests are often non-verbal (Santrock, 2008). Group tests give data that is more reliable as they make it possible for large numbers to be studied which provide good representative of the entire population, the resulting data and conclusion is therefore more reliable as it is more representative of the population than if the norms were being studied in an individual as is with individual tests. 7. The advantages and disadvantages of projective versus objective personality assessment methods Projective personality assessment method is a test that involves use of open-ended questions to examine the person being tested. Projective tests involve questions that are unstructured hence give the person being examined more freedom to respond in the appropriate way as compared to objective tests. These tests normally require the examinee to respond to stimuli that is ambiguous (Hilsenroth Segal, 2004). It is based on the fact that people respond to stimuli that are ambiguous in ways that bring to light their feelings, desires and needs. The advantage of this method is that makes it possible for the psychologist to study and examine unconscious aspects of subject’s personality. These tests are not transparent hence create no opportunity for subjects to lie or fake their personality traits. The weakness of projective tests is that the collected information is not as reliable and viable as is needed. This is based on the fact that the psychologists that use the method assume that the subjects can not lie about their personality. Analysing data collected by this method can be time consuming and tiring as it needs the psychologist to go through it by himself. New technology such as computer scoring which is fast can not be used in this method (Hilsenroth Segal, 2004). Objective personality assessment method involves the use of questions and items that are standardized, specific and clear in testing individuals under study. These tests are characterized by limited choice of the examinees responses. Most of the questions are designed such that they require yes or no, and true or false responses. Objective testing has several advantages. Objective methods fast to carry out. This is attributed to the fact that the answers required are directive and do not need the respondents to think or expand on the answers giving unnecessary details that waste time (Hilsenroth Segal, 2004). This enables the data to be collected and analysed within a short time availing results within the required time. This method is also more economical as compared to the projective testing method. This because the questions are easy to prepare and the fact that all they need is yes or no responses implies that they do not require a lot of space. This saves on the cost of printing the questionnaire as less pages are required. The questions are also easy to answer making the researcher to collect the needed data very fast hence does not spend a lot of time in the field which saves money that would have been used on upkeep and transport. Objective test methods also make it possible for technology to be used such as computer scoring which is faster, less tiring and more efficient as compared to projective tests that require the researcher to go through the responses by himself in order to come up with the results ( Hilsenroth Segal, 2004). . Like any other method, objective assessment methods also have disadvantages. These methods usually involve questions that are transparent which makes the individuals under study to know what the psychologists want to study in them. This makes them lie or forge answers. In the event the individual carrying out the test does not include lie scales which provide information to the researcher on the likelihood of the subject lying then wrong data is collected. This tests also characterized by collection of biased data as it provides opportunity for the subject to respond not the way things are but the way they wish things were. (Hilsenroth Segal, 2004). The structure of the questions does not allow the subjects to add more information on their yes or no, true or false answers. This could cause the psychologist to miss out o9n vital information. 3. Some of the misconceptions concerning the differences between aptitude and achievement tests. Achievement tests are the common tests that are usually given out in classrooms and educational assessments. They are used to test what an individual can do or what they know. They are usually administered after some activity to test if individuals have grasped whatever was being taught. Examples are classroom quizzes, continuous assessment tests, driving tests, final examinations amongst others. Achievement tests in school are used to determine whether students understand what has been taught, which classes to place them, they are also used to rate schools and predict an individuals success in certain disciplines in future if they are doing well. Aptitude tests usually are carried out to assess the mental abilities of individuals. These tests based on the concept that innate mental abilities of individuals can be measured. Aptitude tests are usually carried out to test student’s mental ability as they are believed to give a picture of how the student can perform academically. It is believed that those who pass the test qualify academically for what course they are applying for. Examples of aptitude test include SATs. Aptitude tests have been referred to as quality measurement on ones mental ability. However, critics of the concept argue that innate abilities can not be measured hence the test just like any other test is used to measure what an individual has been able to achieve by the time the test is being carried out. The results of this test hence demonstrate the individuals’ achievement in the subjects that were being tested on. This is true in spite of what the subject the questions are testing on. As such, aptitude tests are very much the same as achievement tests. The difference between the two tests however is in the assumption about individuals that take the two tests. With aptitude test, there is a misconception that there is equal opportunity to learn for everyone taking the test. It also is assumed that the interest of individuals taking aptitude test in learning is equal and also in demonstrating the learnt ability on the test. With achievement test it is assumed that the tests usually are based on instructions of a course or on some training that is not necessarily available to all the individuals taking the test. The misconception concerning the difference between the two tests therefore lies in the assumption that there is equal opportunity for passing in aptitude tests while achievement tests can only be passed by those who have access to the course or training instructions. 6. Information is presumably gathered by the typical projective technique Projective techniques are methods of assessing personality traits of individuals that use questions that are unstructured and not specific. The questions used in this technique are not transparent implying that the individuals being studied can not identify what the researcher or a psychologist is looking from them (Lilienfeld, Wood Garb, 2001). Usually projective technique is used to study response of subjects to questions or situations that are ambiguous. It is perceived that the fact that these situations are not known to the subjects will enable them to respond appropriately without having to lie or change their personality. It is believed that individuals respond to ambiguous situations and questions in an honest way. Their response to these situations that they do not clearly understand brings out their true personality as it there is no opportunity for lie or personality to be altered or changed. Psychologists who use the method to collect information on personality argue that human beings always respond to ambiguous stimuli in a way that brings out their personal needs, wants, wishes and desires (Lilienfeld, Wood Garb, 2001). This technique is believed to make it possible for psychologists to assess the unconscious aspect of the individuals being studied character. As such, it provides no room for personality faking. Human beings are believed to have no control over the unconscious part of their psychology. The unconscious aspect of our psychology is believed to be what really defines us in terms of character. Psychologists argue that humans thought, actions hence character originate from their unconscious aspect of psychology. The fact that this technique enables the psychologist to study the subjects unconscious aspect of personality has therefore been used in gathering personality information. This technique unlike the others makes it possible for individuals being studied to consciously give information that is biased and accurate. The notion that individuals are not restricted in responding to ambiguous has made this method to be used for collecting data on personality. 4. The reasons which dictate that an organization, whether industrial or governmental, to use valid selection procedures for hiring workers. There are several reasons as to why organizations use valid selection procedures for hiring employees. These procedures are useful in the several processes that involve hiring. In selection of employees to hire, the assessment tools that are used in valid selection procedures enable organizations to identify the best individuals for the job as they are able to identify the individuals character traits that are required of the specific job. An assessment tool that is well properly developed will guide the recruitment team in selecting successful and suitable individuals for the particular occupation and position they are recruiting for. Valid selection procedures also eliminate cases of unfairness from arising making the whole process efficient and professional (Weiner Graham, 2003). Valid selection procedures for hiring are important in job placement. They enable organizations management to assign employees to the right job responsibilities and levels. Assessment helps provide information that enables organizations to make the right decisions assigning of responsibilities which increase performance hence productivity of the organization. Valid assessment procedures are important in training and development of employees. The assessment enables an organization to determine which employee needs what training. The organization is able to know if its employees have mastered training procedures and materials that are vital for operation and running of the organization (Weiner Graham, 2003). Assessments carried out enable the organization to design or make changes in training programmes so that the most needed ones are given priority. Assessment procedures also enable individual employees to identify their weaknesses hence can embark on self-development. This has positive results as it enables it to have employees that are skilful and well trained hence increasing productivity. Assessment procedures also play a great role in promotion or demotion of employees. The procedures enable the organizations management to identify employees that have been improving in their performance and skills. Those who possess managerial characteristics or even higher capabilities are identified hence promoted to greater positions that have more responsibilities (Weiner Graham, 2003). On the other hand, those who seem to making no progress or have decreasing performance are demoted as ant serious organization would not want to have employee especially those holding positions of great responsibility that are not performing. Valid assessment procedures provide a professional and fair way of carrying out promotions and demotions ensuring that the right employees are assigned to the right positions and responsibilities. Assessment procedures are also significant in career guidance and exploitation. These assessments help individuals make not only educational but career choices as well. The assessments make individuals identify the subjects they are good in hence accordingly choose careers that they will be successful in without have to strain their mental capability. The assessments procedures also enable organizations to carry out evaluation of programs. The organization is able to identify programs that benefit employees and those that do not so that it can stop wasting resources on irrelevant programs. Word Count: 2280. References Hilsenroth, M Segal, D. (2004). Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment: Personality assessment / editors. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Lilienfeld, S. O. , Wood, J. N. , Garb, H. N. (2001). The scientific status of projective techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 1, 27-66. Roid, G. H. (2003). Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales 5th Edition: Examiners Manual. Riverside Publishing, Itaska, Illinois. Santrock, J. (2008). A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development (4th Ed. )Concept of Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill. Weiner, I. Graham, J. (2003). Handbook of Psychology: Assessment psychology. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

Exegesis on Matthew Essay Example for Free

Exegesis on Matthew Essay Change and become like children France mentions that it is not necessarily the qualities of a child based on unselfishness and innocence but rather the position that a child holds in the pecking order (p. 27) ofa family which is pretty much at the bottom. It is a good point that he makes, although at the same time he doesnt mention the part of changing which would result in changes from within to more childlike but instead concentrates on a pecking order. Humbles like a child v4 (ESV) Wiersbe, raises the point of humility in the way ofa child who is totally dependent and unquestioning. As well as to be humble, we are to think less of ourselves than we ought to (p64). This is an apt way to put it, as how can we truly bring God glory when there is a onstant focus on our own needs and lives, where status has become more important than encouraging others. Contribution In order to be a part of the Kingdom of Heaven it is essential to become new in our thinking with regards to where we fit in and how high we can climb, and stepping on others along the way. But instead, to reach deep within ourselves and focus on the one thing that is responsible for our existence and learning to depend and trust Him with a vulnerable and respectful heart regardless of age, but Just like a child.

Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Marketing Essay Analysis of environmental conditions is based on the framework put forward by Lynch (2009) that assesses the general degree of turbulence in the environment. This can be done by using the two measures of Changeability and predictability (Lynch, 2009, p80), which can be subdivided into complexity and novelty (changeability), and rate of change and visibility (predictability). Establishing a level of turbulence in the environment allows us to know with how much confidence we can predict the future (Lynch, 2009). In the fourth quarter of 2009 the UK GDP rose by 0.1% (www.statistics.gov.uk, 2010) which means Britain is officially out of recession. While this means recovery is under way, many analysts remain sceptical of the extent of recovery. Andrew Sentance of the Monetary Policy Committee has claimed that pace of recovery would remain uncertain (Sentence in the Telegraph Newspaper, 2010). So, as far as predictability and visibility go, it appears very difficult to predict with confidence the extent to which the UK economy will recover in 2010, with many anticipating a slow process because the economy remains weighed down by a still fragile banking sector and high consumer and government debt levels (Seager, 2010). With regards to Changeability and complexity, there is a general election expected in May this year and there is a strong possibility of a change of Government (www.yougov.co.uk, www.ipsos-mori.com, 2010), which will bring about a change in Government policy towards businesses, for example, the Conservative Party are pledging a cut in corporation tax. (www.conservatives.com, 2010). Adding to the complexity is the recent return to a 17.5% VAT rate that adds more financial pressure to consumers in an already struggling market. The recession may have ended but analysts are not expecting too much change in spending as economic downturn is squeezing spending power and that pressure will continue into 2010 (Mintel, Oct 2009). Given the reasonably turbulent conditions, organisations must change its strategies, and possibly its beliefs if it is to maintain its ability to handle changes in the environment (Thompson, 2005). So strategy cannot be made for years into the future because of the uncertain nature of the environment. Strategy should focus on the upcoming year until the turbulence reduces. 4.2 PEST Analysis PEST Analysis is a focus on the macro environment and which factors will change the external environment in the years to come. Johnson et al (p.54) states The environment is what gives organisations their means of survival. However the environment is also a source of threats. The macro environment is the highest-level layer. This consists of broad environmental factors that impact to a greater or lesser extent on almost all organisations. Therefore a good analysis of the macro environment is critical to success but should also be as general and non-specific as possible, this leads to one of the down falls of PEST that it can be a very useful tool when analysing the macro environment but also its general nature can be its downfall if it becomes little more than a huge list of factors in a shopping list fashion. We have chosen to use a simple PEST analysis but to add Legal to Political and Environmental to Socio-Cultural to make sure we consider all issues of the external environment. Another criticism of PEST is that it is only as good as the group or person conducting it, a criticism that can apply to any model. However when used appropriately this model can give a good indication of the factors that will affect the external environment in the years to come. Its ability to briefly analyse and present the factors that could prove important can be highly significant. The PEST Analysis can be seen in Appendix 1 and summary in Appendix 2 4.3 Porters 5 Forces Analysis of the industry analysis is based on Porters 5 forces model as referenced by many authors. The five elements that can have an impact upon MS are The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of Buyers Threat of potential new entrants Threat of Substitutes Extent of Competitive Rivalry (Lynch, p97, 2009) More detailed information on Porters 5 Forces can be found in Appendix 3 4.4 Strategic Group Analysis Below is the strategic group analysis for Marks and Spencer, detailed information on SGA and how the table was created can be seen in Appendix 4 (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008:76))SGA1.jpg Strategic Group Analysis for Marks and Spencer plc Scope of Activities (Extent of Product Diversity) Resource Commitment (Advertising Effort) Marks and Spencer Next John Lewis (Waitrose) Arcadia Group British Home Stores Tesco Marks and Spencer Tesco Next John Lewis (Waitrose) ASDA Debenhams 4.5 Market Segmentation Market segmentation differs from SGA in the way that is looks to customers as its focus rather than sector competitors. Lynch (2006, p105) states Market segmentation is fundamental to the development of corporate strategy. Careful analysis of segments and their characteristics is therefore important. For example some segments may have more profit potential, have less competition then others and some may be growing faster. Taking the age demographic for example the 18-30 age group is declining, whereas the 31-60 age group is growing rapidly. (ONS.gov.uk) Marks and Spencer have a great deal of competitors when it comes to market segmentation mainly due to the fact that Marks and Spencer covers so many segments, children through to adults, males and females, for example. The only segment Marks and Spencer does not appear cater for is the low income segment as its pricing policy is slightly more than mid range offered by the competitors such as Tesco in food and Next in clothing and home ware. Market segmentation of course has its advantages as it will help you to understand more competitors but importantly like the SGA will also show strategic opportunities or gaps in the market that after careful consideration could be moved into. Unfortunately, again, it is difficult to place a company easily within a segment and as before will only be based on one persons views and therefore cannot be ideal. 5.0 Internal Analysis 5.1 Resource Audit Johnson et al. state that although many companies in the same sector compete in the same environment, one may be a superior performer. It is not their environment that distinguishes between them but their internal strategic capabilities. (Please refer to Appendix 5 for definitions) We know that Marks and Spencer has the strategic capability to perform at the level required to survive and has the threshold resources needed to carry this out as well as the necessary threshold competences to underpin this, companies that were founded in 1880s would not still be in business today without these in place. More interesting are the unique resources and core competencies specific to Marks and Spencer that help them gain and maintain competitive advantage. We know that MS has a wide range of shops and retail units the length of the country but this is not a unique resource as Tesco has more units and more retail space, however unique to MS its presence on the high street in the volume it appears, with food and clothing, more supermarkets are situated on retail parks and out of town, even when they appear in town they are small and do not carry the same stock levels. MS also have 295 stores in 41 different countries. Logistically MS must have excellent systems in place to allow all these stores to be stocked. MSs biggest unique resource perhaps is the brand. When you say Marks and Spencer to people they almost always think of quality. Marks Spencer have been around for over 125 years and no company can survive this long without delivering good quality own branded products that have stood the test of time. 5.2 Value Chain Analysis The value chain describes the categories of activities within and around an organisation, which together create a product or service (Johnson, 2008, p110). The primary activities for Marks and Spencer concern its inbound logistics, operations outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. MS places great emphasis on the quality of its products, which they believe justify higher prices. The marketing strategy emphasises this with, for example, the your MS (see case study) attempting to give back to the customer and emphasising the quality of the products. They have also begun to promote a price comparison with Waitrose (Thomas, 2009) while keeping an emphasis on quality, with the strap line Price checked against Waitrose Essentials. Quality checked by MS (Thomas, 2009). This method of emphasising quality has given MS its reputation, but it is important to live for the standards it sets itself. MS also adds value through its customer service, with a Mintel report revealing it has the highest customer service rating of any retailer amongst consumers and is continuing to invest in raising service standards (Mintel, 2007). They have also trained some staff to become healthy eating experts (Mintel, 2007) in a bid to improve customer service. It is this sort of commitment that enables MS to be regarded as a high quality retailer. They would be unable to charge higher prices if customer service was poor. For its outbound logistics MS have launched new ways of packaging. Under a program known as plan A in cooperation with Oxfam they plan to become carbon neutral by 2012. This is being done by promising not to send any packaging to landfill and putting labels on packaging so that consumers know how to recycle their goods. (Mintel, 2010). While many retailers have launched ethical policies with regards to packaging MS appear to have gone further than others with its promise to become carbon neutral. This policy is backed up through one of its support activities, technology development, where they sought to introduce new recyclable content into its packaging. Value has also been created through a commitment to sustainable fishing (The Guardian, 2010) making it the first food retailer to make such a commitment. This shows an ethical standpoint on its inbound logistics and procurement policies. Such policies have helped create value within the brand, giving consumers the image that while they may pay a bit more for their products, they will receive high quality, ethically produced goods, which it is hope will bring customers back. 5.3 Key Stakeholders We will now look at key stakeholders using Mendelows Matrix (Ref: majyds.wordpress.com//power-of-stakeholders/) Mendelows power/ interest matrix High Customers Employees Shareholders Power Low Bank Creditors Low High Level of Interest NB: More detailed analysis on how this conclusions were drawn can be found in Appendix 6 6.0 SWOT Analysis of External and Internal Analysis After analysing the internal and external environments we can generate a series of strategic alternatives or choices of strategies to follow in the future. To do this, we must look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The purpose of this is to build on the strengths of the company, eliminate weaknesses, develop opportunities and counter threats. The SWOT and the reasons why we have chosen the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that we have can be seen in Appendix 7 and 8 7.0 Strategic Options for Marks and Spencer 7.1 Option One After producing the swot analysis and identifying the areas that need attention and further progression, we need to implement some strategic options using the key elements of the organisations purpose. When looking at the SWOT analysis we can see that amongst MSs strengths, they have the biggest market share in clothing and produce quality products. They also have weaknesses of reliance on their own brand and they are in a weak cash position. These lead us to consider MSs environment based options, in particularly, their market options. Ansoff Matrix Diagram(Mindtools.com) Looking at Ansoffs Matrix (above), one of the strategic options we have chosen to implement is that of Product Development. We believe that although MS currently have the biggest market share in clothing, this needs to be protected and pushed forward. Especially as there is such fierce competition in this sector. With the fact that MS already sell clothing, they will not require new competencies to execute this plan. Fashion retailers like Next, MS and Topshop have been through a long period when they have been able to rely solely on declining prices to drive sales upwards. However, with the falling pound and rising overseas sourcing costs, competing on price is going to become increasingly difficult for them. Customers who still have money to spend are going to be ever more demanding. Retailers will have to identify the needs of their core customer even more closely and make sure that they are met. Improving staff training, motivation and product knowledge, as well as recruitment and retention will be crucial in doing so. (Mintel 02/09) As the statement above says, retailers need to identify the needs of their customers more closely. MSs clothing is well know as a mature fashion range, though recently George Davis, the man behind George at Asda is about to launch a new spring collection with a brand new label. This clothing range is called give and is aimed at aged 30+ women. The entrepreneur is bankrolling give, which targets well-off women with fashion pieces that can be customised to fit perfectly. (The Guardian, 02/10) This is product development in itself as they are bringing in new products to existing markets, but we would suggest that they focus on making the new label one that will attract the younger customer at an affordable price. We would also suggest that they use a well know female celebrity to endorse the new clothing range. Neil Mason, a senior retail analyst at Mintel, believes that introducing a limited collection, like Kate Mosss at Topshop, adds to the appeal. The celebritys status in itself is enough to make these lines work, but theres no doubt that when a retailer limits the supply it generates more interest, a real kudos for the people who manage to get their hands on a coveted item. (independent.co.uk:2007) Younger females look up to and want to be like young, successful female celebrities and are very fashion conscious. MS currently have Twiggy as the face of a brand of clothing, but this would not appeal to the younger audience. This strategy should be implemented as soon as possible to coincide with MSs seasonal clothing ranges. 7.2 Option Two Using Ansoffs matrix, it has also been decided to use market penetration as an option, specifically with regards to food sales. As was found in the SWOT analysis food sales remain comparatively low and with its main competitor (Waitrose) having overtaken MS food in terms of market share, (Finch, The Guardian, 2009). As of July 2009 Waitrose had a share of 4.2% to MS 3.7% (Creevy, 2009). Having identified food sales as a weakness (despite slight growth in the last quarter of 2009 (Mintel, Nov 2009)) it is necessary to formulate a strategic plan to improve this situation. Given the immense competition, struggling UK economy, consumers down trading and the price wars between competitors there are major hurdles to cross to penetrate the market further. However, using the strength of the brand and the added value MS has over other food retailers a plan can be developed. While MS will never compete with the likes of ALDI and LIDL on price it can look at overtaking Waitrose. Mintel suggests Waitrose have leapfrogged Marks Spencer in food sales, helped by its Essential value range (Mintel, 23-07-2009) and as consumers are moving to cheaper supermarkets it is suggested that MS launch a lower cost range to compete with Waitrose. By attracting customers with lower cost alternatives it can use its high level of customer satisfaction to try and keep them. It will be important to also keep an emphasis on quality. The advert referenced in the value chain analysis reflects this, but the campaign needs to be bigger to make all consumers aware of it. There is a perception that MS is much higher priced than its competitors (Finch, 2009), that Sir Stuart Rose has acknowledged so it needs to wow customers with good deals. Also, it could be said that MS has an over reliance on its own brand and shoppers cannot get their favourite brands in MS so have to go to another shop to get them. This possibly results in a loss of custom. If MS can roll out popular household favourites, such as Kelloggs, Heinz etc as well as keeping an extensive range of their own products an increase in food sales and market share should happen. 7.3 Option Three Looking at the further options raised by Ansoff, another strategic option for Marks and Spencers to investigate is that of Diversification. Looking at the SWOT we can see that diversification and acquisitions are both on the SWOT as is a strong brand name, this led us to thinking what could MS do? There are two types of diversification one is related, where new products and markets are developed but within current capabilities and constraints or unrelated where it is beyond the current capabilities. We are going to look at adding new luxury products to new markets concerning both vertical and backward integration. This could be through integration or merger/acquisition of say a car manufacturer or a luxury holiday supplier. The supplier getting to use the Marks and Spencer brand name associated with quality and then MS marketing the products and getting a percentage of the profits made on sales. MS already supply travel money so why not holidays as well. Many companies have to adapt to survive, MS are not different in this respect, companies need to look to increase revenue where they can and this is one way it can be achieved. Business synergy is important and this can be one way to achieve, create new and maintain it. 8.0 Evaluation of Strategic Options Strategic Option Suitability Acceptability Feasibility Total 1 8 5 9 22 2 7 6 7 20 3 7 4 4 15 Detailed Analysis of how this was reached can be found in Appendix 9 8.1 Conclusion Overall, we would therefore recommend option one for implementation. 9.0 Evaluation of Models Some analysis is contained within the text and appendix but any additional analysis is detailed in Appendix 10

Free Essays - Free Will Isnt Free in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth - Free Will Isn't Free Could Macbeth choose his own path in life or is it already planned? Everything he does in his life is already planned out. It is destined for what happens happened in his life. He still has his free will, but no matter what everything is bound to happen as it were destined to. His destiny is still a step ahead of him. No matter what his decision is, even the three witches can foretell his future. Every decision that Macbeth choose was on his free will and his fate is already destined for him ahead of times. The three witches knew everything before hand. Therefore, they could foretell who would be the destined one and be king. They knew the exact time and place in which they were suppose to encounter the future king. They knew Macbeth would be ordained to be this future king. They told Macbeth that he was the Thane of Glamis because he is the rightful heir "all hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis!" [I, iii, 49], Thane of Cawdor all hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Tthane of Cawdor" [I, iii, 51] and King of Scotland, "all hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!"[I, iii, 49]. They told Macbeth about the apparitions of the signs that he would be overthrown off the throne. The first apparition was Macduff "Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff, Beware the thane of Fife" [IV, I, 71]. The second apparition is foreshadowing that nothing woman born shall kill him, "the pow'r of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth" [IV, I, 80]. While, the third apparition tell ing Macbeth not to worry until the forest comes to him and the eight kings overthrow him from the thrown. "Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him" [IV, I, 92]. So the three witches already know Macbeths destiny and his decisions. When the witches told Macbeth that he was going to be king, he was not patient enough to wait, hence, wanted for him to be king right then. He discussed the ordeal to his wife about the three witches warning him and how things started to take its course.

Paul Cronan Analysis :: essays research papers

A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relevant Dates and Facts a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1973 – Paul Cronan hired by New England Telephone (NET) straight from high school. He began working as a file clerk. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1983 – Cronan was promoted to Service Technician. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January to June 1985 – Cronan was ill at various times, having symptoms of AIDS-related complex (ARC). d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 1985 – Cronan was denied permission to leave work for a medical appointment by his supervisor, Charles O’Brian. O’Brian had given permission on two other occasions, but refused this third time unless Cronan revealed the reason for the appointment. Cronan told O’Brian of his condition only after O’Brian promised the information would be held in confidence. O’Brian excused Cronan for his medical appointment. The next day, Cronan was required to see a company doctor who examined him for 10 minutes. Several days after the appointment, a co-worker phoned Cronan to say that she had heard Cronan was infected with AIDS. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 10, 1985 – Cronan began receiving departmental sickness benefits after phoning his supervisor and requesting medical leave. One week later, Cronan began receiving company paid illness benefits. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 21, 1985 – Cronan’s personal physician provided a medical certificate stating that Cronan was disabled for 3 months. This certificate was renewed and extended for one year. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the summer of Cronan’s absence, graffiti was written on the bathroom walls at work. h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  August 1985 – NET department heads from Personnel, Labor Relations, and Medical began meeting to talk about the potential impact of AIDS on the company and its workforce. O’Brian is replaced by Griffin as Cronan’s supervisor. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 13, 1985 – Cronan diagnosed with AIDS. j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 16, 1985 – NET announces new corporate AIDS policy. k.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 1985 – Cronan, with the help of the Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, files a lawsuit in state court against NET. He charges that NET violated state privacy laws and discrimination. l.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January 1986 – NET tries to have the case moved to federal court. m.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 10, 1986 – Cronan’s illness benefits run out and NET puts him on disability which equals 50% of his wages. n.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  October 16, 1986 – Cronan and NET reach an out of court settlement where by Cronan is able to return to work and he receives a transfer. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critical Issues a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Privacy – Cronan’s right to privacy may have been violated when his supervisor revealed his medical information to management other than O’Brian’s immediate supervisor. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discrimination – Cronan may have been discriminated against by his dismissal when his medical benefits had run their course.

Intra-Organizational Collaboration Essay -- Business, Collaborative Or

Intra-organizational Collaboration Organizations need to recognize the necessity to flatten hierarchical structures. In creating a horizontal structure leaders naturally acquire a greater ability to adapt. Leaders need to have an intensive focus on people. Recognizing the need to tie both compensation and advancement potential with individual’s ability to function in a T-shaped management style. Organizations need to be willing to change the way they hire in order to promote intra-organizational collaboration. Horizontal organizations require the establishment of high performance teams that have legitimate decision-making power. Leaders must be on board and willing to walk the talk as it relates to creating a team centric organization. They must invite honest feedback, designing mechanism whereas constituents can deliver honest feedback without fear of reprisal. In organizations of the future leaders need to be brave admitting mistakes openly and using them as opportunities to learn. Leaders also need to understand that feedback in a team centric organization is not a personal attack. Leaders need to treat negative feedback as a simple business case. Team centric leaders should also encourage others and not be afraid to ask for assistance when necessary. (Guttman, 2009, pg.47-51) People First The most important aspect of collaboration is people. As indicated previously one of the guiding principles for this leaders’ guide, â€Å"The successful ventures are truly creative collaborations of talented people committed to beating the odds.† (Hill, 2000, pp. 46) In order to be truly collaborative constituents need to exist in an environment built on mutual trust. This is the only way leaders can establish a team centric cul... ...petency, in order to collaborate better constituents need to have feedback provided on a continuous basis. â€Å"To get any traction, leaders need to set criteria and metrics for cross-unit contributions. Overarching concepts-â€Å"teamwork†-need to be translated into concrete behaviors that are ranked from the least to the most desirable.† Hansen, 2009, pp. 102) The success of any method is contingent upon its execution but one popular method is the 360-analysis. This type of performance analysis allows for a holistic view of a constituents performance both within his or her unit and their impact on the broader organization. â€Å"Leaders pursuing disciplined collaboration practice consequence management: if people perform well both within and across their units, they are promoted. If they fall short on either dimension, they face the consequences.† (Hansen, 2009, pp. 104)

Act 3 Scene 4 The Banquet Scene The banquet Essay

The banquet, Macbeth is preparing, highly important to him. It is a chance to show the thanes he is strong and in control, he is very capable of being king. Macbeth needs the banquet to be a success, to show off to the thanes, but when it goes horribly wrong, Macbeth fears that his reputation has. In this scene, Macbeth’s reactions and behaviour are very varied. At first, when the thanes arrive, he is the merry host and welcomes everybody with open arms. However, when they sit to eat, his role changes from host to murderer and then as a victim to Banquo’s ghost. His behaviour diverges as he moves from his host role to his cold-hearted murderer role and finally to his chaotic, mad victim role, when he sees Banquo’s ghost. Macbeth’s changes in behaviour creates tension, especially during the time where Banquo’s ghost arrives, as you wonder, if he’ll let slip any of the murders. Macbeth’s behaviour obviously differs, as at one point he is a calm-well-mannered host, â€Å"Our self will mingle with society and play the humble Host†, then he transformed into an evil bloody-thirsty villain, â€Å"Yet he’s good that did the like for Fleance; If thou didst it, thou art the nonpareil†, and afterwards to a person, clearly unwell, as he has the hallucination of Banquo’s ghost, which concerns the guests, â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me!† Lady Macbeth tries to protect Macbeth and take control of the party, by diverting attention away and covering his actions with lies, â€Å"The fit is momentary; upon a thought He will again be well.† She changes the subject to try and stop him from thinking about the ghost, and also stop the thanes from thinking that Macbeth is guilty of something, as Lady Macbeth is afraid that Macbeth will let something out about the murder, â€Å"Think of this, good peers, But as a thing of custom. ‘Tis no other, Only it spoils the pleasure of the time.† Lady Macbeth takes control by leading the party and becoming the hostess finally ending the party and telling the thanes to leave when she realises Macbeth is in danger of loosing control, â€Å"Stand not upon the order of your going, But go at once† By the end of the scene, we realise that Macbeth, really is strong and determined and how he is going to make this work, â€Å"I am in blood Steeped in so far that should I wade no more† It is clear that Macbeth is in control at this point. He intends to see the witches again for some security, that he will stay king, â€Å"-to the weird sisters. More shall they speak.† The power of control has gone back to Macbeth. When Macbeth says, â€Å"†¦stepped in so far†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , he is saying how he has already committing two murders, why stop now. If anyone should get in his way, he won’t be afraid to kill them. On stage, I would show Macbeth and the thanes on a long table, and behind Macbeth would be a pillar. This would be so that the murderer is unseen and Macbeth doesn’t look too suspicious. The murder would be obviously visible to the audience, but not so to the thanes. When Macbeth speaks to the thanes, there will be full lighting, but when the murderer speaks to Macbeth, the thanes freeze and the lights dim on them and a spotlight focuses on Macbeth. Once they have finished their dialogue, the thanes start celebrating and acquainting again and the lighting comes back up. To present the ghost of Banquo, on stage, the first thing I would do is make-up. It would be pale, to create that he is dead. When Banquo’s ghost is on stage, the normal lights would be on, but an extra spotlight would make the make-up shine and give that ‘not human’ effect. His clothing would be what he died in, but more new, clean and tidy

How Smoking Affects Your Body

How Smoking Affects Your personate Theres hardly a part of the adult male personify thats not affected by the chemicals in the cig arttes you ingest. Lets take a play of your body to look at how sess affects it. Starting at the Top As a quite a littler, youre at risk for crab louse of the mouth. Tobacco smoke stern as well as set out gum disease, tooth decay and dingy breath. The teeth become unsightly and yellow. Smokers whitethorn experience frequent headaches. And lack of group O and narrowed blood vessels to the brain idler lead to strokes. Lungs and BronchiMoving down to your chest, smoke passes through the bronchi, or breathing tubes. total heat cyanide and other chemicals in the smoke attack the lining of the bronchi, inflaming them and do that continuing smokers cough. Because the bronchi are weakened, youre much in all likelihood to get bronchial infections. Mucus discrimination in your lungs is impaired, also leading to chronic coughing. Smokers are 10 times as likely to get lung crabmeat and emphysema as nonsmokers. Smoking and the Heart The do of bullet on your heart are devastating.Nicotine raises blood squelch and makes the blood clot more easily. Carbon monoxide robs the blood of type O and leads to the development of cholesterol deposits on the arteria walls. All of these effects add up to an increased risk of heart attack. In addition, the poor circulation resulting from cholesterol deposits can cause strokes, loss of circulation in fingers and toes and impotence. Smoking and the Bodys organs The digestive system is also affected. The tars in smoke can trigger cancer of the esophagus and throat.Smoking causes increased persist acid secretion, leading to heartburn and ulcers. Smokers hold up higher rates of deadly pancreatic cancer. Many of the carcinogens from cigarettes are excreted in the peeing where their presence can cause vesica cancer, which is often fatal. High blood pressure from smoking can damage the k idneys. The Results The health effects of smoking have results we can measure. Forty percent of men who are heavy smokers will die before they reach retirement age, as compared to all 18 percent of nonsmokers.Women who smoke portray an increased risk of cervical cancer, and gravid women who smoke take a retrieve with the health of their unborn babies. But the honourable news is that when you quit smoking your body begins to repair itself. Ten years subsequently you quit, your body has repaired most of the damage smoking caused. Those who wait until cancer or emphysema has set in arent so easythese conditions are usually fatal. Its one more reason to take the big timbre and quit now.

Cici’s Pizza Research Paper Essay

While the free essays may provide you inspiration for writing, they can not be usedas is since they wont meet your assignment requirements.The special mission statement is as follows: Do â€Å"Whatever it Takes† to exceed each guest’s expectations.Background CiCi’s Enterprise is an American style buffet restaurant chain based in Coppell, Texas. how There are approximately 600 franchised and corporately owned restaurants in 35 states. The company was founded in 1985 in Plano, Texas by Joe Croce and Mike Cole.An argumentative first essay is among the many academic essay types.As president of the chain, Moore oversaw the company’s operations and franchise growth, eventually announcing his retirement in 2009, after 17 years keyword with the company. Michael Shumsky took over after Moore retired in late 2009. He had previously served as CEO of La Madeleine Restaurant, Inc. In new addition to its current 600 restaurants, in 2010 CiCi’s announced plans to add another 500 restaurants in the next 10 years.

Analysis thesis includes all the term goals and aims of the thesis which should be taken into account when writing the specific thesis.Environmental AnalysisSWOT The strengths of CiCi’s pizza make it one of the best in the industry. It offers a unique buffet experience with so many pizza varieties. Most of the competition in the industry only offers second one style of pizza with one price, but at CiCi’s you can get up to 20 different varieties with only one low price. If you don’t want to sit in the family oriented restaurant with the best customer service and eat then you have the option to order take out.Research is a kind of research conducted.Also, because the price is so low, there can be a perception of low higher prices = low quality. The one other thing that is holding CiCi’s back from being in the top five is that there is 15 states in the US that so not have a CiCi’s in them.Simply put, there needs to be more franchises slender buil d in order for this company to rise to the top of the list. (JMC Restaurant Distribution INC.

As an example, let us look at a few of the pizzas Pizza Hut has promoted.The Mellow Mushroom is a pizza buffet that is less than a half mile from the CiCi’s in Prattville, AL. Mellow Mushroom offers similar services but at a higher price. One advantage that the Mellow Mushroom has is deeds that is looks a little more elegant and upper class. People who are looking for more formal dinner experience would be likely to go to Mellow Mushroom.Last, it has always valued satisfaction and customer support.All these companies are within a 20 mile radius.In a lucrative market like the pizza one, the more competitors the better the customer service because it is so competitive. Market Analysis The pizza market can be very lucrative, therefore it is very competitive. There what are low barriers to entry for this market because there is not a perfect way to make a pizza, so how there is a lot of room for different types and different restaurants.

The way to guard yourself would be to do your homework.According to â€Å"Pizza Power†, PMQ magazine’s (Pizza Marketing Quarterly) Annual Industry Analysis, of the 67,554 pizza stores in the US, 59% are independently owned and control 51% of total pizza sales. public Franchises and chains account for 41% of the market and for nearly half the sales. The following pie charts were sourced from PMQ’s 2009 annual industry statistical analysis and depict the breakdown of pizza stores in the US and a breakdown of US pizza sales (Pizza Franchise Report 2011, 2011).CiCi’s pizza is included into the other very top chains 15%.Moreover, its crucial for a student to understand sides of an argument.This is compared to only 7% of those aged over 65 eating at least one pizza per month. Pizza also proved popular with parents. About 20% of the parents surveyed said that they purchase pizza more than three times per month, compared to 12% of adults with no children (Pi zza Franchise Report 2011, 2011). This customer group covers much of the target market for CiCi’s pizza.

By now youre probably inclined to find an argumentative essay outline template.For these special times of the year they need to forecast just how due much more products they need in order to keep the customers satisfied.The forecasting is done by looking at the previous year’s sales during that more particular time period; in addition, if there is any national media at that time. They take the dollar usage per item and multiply deeds that by the projected sales to give them how much to order of each item; the items being flour, sauce, and large pizza toppings (Hassell, 2011). Demand Forecasting cannot be done before there is a proper count of the inventory.Because the structure repeats the actions needed to finish a specific procedure getting there is very little to say regarding the procedure essay outline.The company as a whole tries to keep food cost percentages at 28% or lower, with labor cost of 18. 5% or lower (Hassell, 2011). Once the forecasting is done, then it is time to place the order. CiCi’s uses an online order management system called ESOS (Exhibition & Sponsorship Ordering System).

Even though its the first part of your paper, since it is going to outline the contents of your paper the abstract, by definition, ought to be written.CiCi’s has become such a powerful force in the pizza industry partly because of attention to detail in the transportation channel. They own their own transportation service.JMC restaurant distribution Inc. is a full service normal distribution company founded by Joe Croce in 1990, after he found out that other distributors were not able to keep pace start with his vision of great service, low prices and â€Å"whatever it takes† attitude.Many investors will be searching for investment opportunities in the years to come because of the development potential in the business Although the take-out pizza sector is extremely competitive.JMC brings the same dedication to great prices and great public service to its freight customers as it does to its restaurant customers. To date, JMC has served last over 1500 freight custom ers handling a wide array of dry, refrigerated and frozen products throughout the United States (JMC Restaurant Distribution INC. , 2011).Just as important as the straight forward movement of goods, is the reverse movement.

Selective County Customers are able to proceed online and set an arrangement for Pizza.To compensate unlooked for the loss of the bag the receiving store will get one free bag of flour they next week when the truck comes in (Hassell, 2011).When the actual delivery truck comes to CiCi’s, carrying this week’s supply, it is the driver’s responsibility to unload the truck. The employees at the restaurant do not help start with unloading. It takes about 45 minutes to completely get all the products off the truck and into the store (Hassell, 2011).Qualified for.Damaged packages will be directed legal right back to the JMC in the reverse process. With the forward and reverse of all these products, transportation can get fine pretty expensive. The facility locations are very important because of this. CiCi’s has a total of three distribution facilities that are strategically placed.

A job cited entry has to be contained at the close of the essay.(JMC Restaurant Distribution INC. , 2011) That is where the CiCi’s in Prattville Alabama gets all of its products. Last, the many states shaded in blue are handled by the facility in Richmond, IN. All the facility locations were made with the main roads, possible traffic, and distance in mind.Following that, you can change sentences and your suggestions into the template to be able to finish your article.â€Å"Hi, welcome to CiCi’s! † is the phrase that every employee must memorize and say to every customer that comes into the restaurant. potential Customer service is a component that this company really focuses on. On the website they have a list of guest promises that they stand by. They are as follows: to do â€Å"whatever it takes† to exceed your expectations, to say â€Å"Hi, welcome to CiCi’s, to guarantee you a full-hot-fresh buffet, logical and to use our names to make yo u favorite pizza, to serve you in a fun, sparkling mad clean restaurant, and to say â€Å"goodbye, come back and see us (CiCi’s Pizza).

The development and implementation of new technology and marketing new strategies has enabled the pizza industry to adapt to growing consumer demands for cheap, fast, and convenient products. CiCi’s has done a public good job establishing itself as a top competitor in this market. In order for CiCi’s to compete with the top pizza franchises in the market, such as Pizza Hut, they need to get more creative. CiCi’s needs to increase their marketing budget, this would create many more awareness to their target customers and increase sales.This great company has expanded from one restaurant in Plano, Texas to over 600 in 35 states in 25 years.That is a great accomplishment, and they are not done yet. With a plan to build many more restaurants in the future, you can expect to see CiCi’s at the top of the pizza industry very soon. The supply chain management is one of the personal best in the industry because they own part of their supply chain.Retrieved No vember 30, 2011, from wikipedia. com: http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/CiCi’s_Pizza JMC Restaurant Distribution INC.html Pizza Franchise Report 2011. (2011).Retrieved late November 24, 2011, from Franchisedirect. com: http://www.

The French Constitution

France is a majority rule the institutions of organization of France be defined by the brass, more(prenominal)(prenominal) specific all in ally by the actual constitution, world that of the 5th nation. The composition has been special several(prenominal) generation since the parachuting of the one-fifth part state, about latterly in July 2008, when the french carnal knowledge (A junction conventionalism of the cardinal domiciliate of fan tan) offer by 1 select any rump the 60% majority call for extreme changes proposed by professorship Sarkozy.The 5th democracy The fifth nation was completed In 1958, and was prevalently the ork of normal de Gaulle Its source hot seat, and Michel Debr his tiptop curate. It has been revise 1 7 times. though the cut constitution Is fan tanary, It gave relatively abundant powers to the administrator director ( professorship and parsons) compargond to opposite westbound democracies. The decision ma ker tell The coping up of enjoin and head of the executive is the electric chair, pick out by normal suffrage. Since whitethorn 201 2, Frances chairperson is Franqois Hollande.Originally, a hot seat of the fifth Re macrocosm was select for a 7- grade boundary (le septennat), re bleak(a)able any name of times. Since 2002 the death chair has been elect for a 5- year condition (le quinquennat). Since the super of the 2008 thoroughgoing re bound, the uttermost emergence of harm a electric chair freighter behave has been peculiar(a) to 2. The death chair, who is withal compulsory commander of the military, check offs indemnity with the encourage of his Council of looks (Conseil stilboestrol ministres). The domicil of the prexy of the french Republic is the Elyse palace (le palais de lElyse) in Paris.The chairman appoints a efflorescence minister (currently 2012 Jean-Marc Ayrault) , who names a regime. The abidance of the french strand Min ister is at Matignon dwelling firm (lHtel Matignon) in Paris. In scheme ministers atomic number 18 chosen by the PM in practice session unless the President and the PM be from dfferent sidiethylstilbesterol of the semipolitical spectrum (a organisation know as la cohabitation), PM and prexy graze in concert to form a g everywherenment. The President mustiness sanction the betrothal of g everywherenment ministers.The cabinet, le Consen stilboestrol ministres, meets on a periodical basis, and Is presided over by the president. Ministers form insurance policy and ordain naked as a jaybird fannyon to begin with Parliament In the form of storys (projets de 101) wlthln the mannequin of living honor, hey put one across policy by decrees (dcrets). The legislative fall apart The french s pull downs Is do up of 2 houses or chambers. The get and confidential information house of parliament is the Assemble internale, or national manufacture the select by customary suffrage, in general elections (lections lgislatives) that fill place every quintet years.Senators ar elect by pace electors, who are more often than not other(a) local anesthetic choose representatives. The electoral administration for parliamentary elections involves two round of golfs a coffin naildidate can be elected on the commencement round by obtaining an unquestioning majority of votes cast. The atomic number 16 round is a overflow surrounded by two or more candidates, commonly two.. The legal weapon arrangement patch the Minister of nicety, le Garde des Sceaux, has powers over the speed of the Justice system and public prosecutors, the administration is powerfully separate of the executive and legislative branches.The ordained enchiridion of cut civil fairness is theCode Civil. proclamation of laws vernal bills (projets de lot), proposed by political sympathies, and new pivate members bills (propositions de lot) must be pass by both(prenominal) chambers, beforehand comely law. However, by sexual morality of name 49. of the cut constitution, a government can tump over parliamentary emulation and pass a law without a parilimentary vote. This does not make pass frequently, and in the role model of complete amendments, president Sarkozy curtailed the surmisal of apply 49. . Laws and decrees are create when the positive school text is published in the authorised diary of the French Republic, le daybook Officiel. The native Council The constituent(a) Council , le Conseil constitutionnel, exists to determine the constitutionality of new formula or decrees. It has powers to fray atomic reactor a bill efore it passes into law, if it is deemed unconstitutional, or to postulate the detachment of decrees even aft(prenominal) promulgation.The Council is make up of guild members, appoint (three each) by the President of the Republic, the attraction of the matter Assembly, and the leader of the Senate, sum all live on origin heads of state. policy-making parties In 2012, France is governed by the socialist company and allies..

Canterbury tales: The Wife of Bath and the Pardoner Essay

Similari delineates and contraventions atomic number 18 easly scratchy in a turn over of fiction. Alot of the era the actor go out draw off it re altogethery turn over what he or she is exhausting to im personate through with(predicate) their similarities and differences. In the Canterbury levels the autthor shapes certain(a) that you deal that in that location be alot more than(prenominal) differences than in that respect atomic number 18 similarities. For ensample the marital woman of lavatory and the forgiver, they argon truly(prenominal) dissimilar stories only the root seems to tie in their similarities and differences.In the wife of toilet and in the Pard whizr thither argon galore(postnominal) similariries and differences amidst the dickens tales. In the tales one(a) of the similarities is that they both acquit experient the gentleman. on that point is one difference surrounded by them up even up in travel rough the realness beca use the married woman of tub experience the world by locomotion and in like manner in a intimate sense. She goes on for a composition in her tale or so how she would be the crush person to chat approximately mating and how you bathroom yield it persist, or how it fashion work. And she states that she ahs the right to record this because she has been married fiive times, and she knows what leave alone and practise work in a marriage. superstar of the adult reasons that she rate in all of this is so that she raise exterminate the brain that work force ar the require species and they learn a absolute office staff over wo hands, and that if women argon presumption everything that they need, regard, and desire, hence thhey go out be volition to do anything that their husbands want and they leave behind be congregation to them al ports. opus these stories be exptremly opposite in what they argon talking rough in that location are good-tempered a a few(prenominal) things that they bring forth in common. The pardoner is all slightly the move around to canterbury and how they decidd to make the journeying a brusque more suffer adequate so they trenchant to turn out a report say contest. So they persistent mformer(a) each(prenominal) of the men tell a stage on their steering to canterbury and on their focal point cover charge and the guild custodian will determine on the winner. turf out for the occurrence that they neer got to finsh their stories on the way sustain be result the pardoner dies and their is neer a glide by winner.sometimes the occasion wants you to be able to check the similarites and differences at bottom a peice of fiction. sometimes it is isolated only when other times, such as in this case they are very obvious.