Table of Common Ka Values for Weak Acids

Ka is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of a weak acid. A weak acid is one which only partially dissociates in water or an aqueous solution. The value of Ka is used to calculate pH of weak acids. The pKa value is used to choose a buffer when needed. Choosing an acid or base where pKa is close to the pH needed gives the best results. Relating pH, Ka, and pKa pH, Ka, and pKa are all related to each other. For an acid HA: Ka [H][A-] / [HA]pKa - log KapH - log([H]) At the halfway point on an equivalence curve,  pHpKa Ka of Weak Acids Name Formula Ka pKa acetic HC2H3O2 1.8 x 10-5 4.7 ascorbic (I) H2C6H6O6 7.9 x 10-5 4.1 ascorbic (II) HC6H6O6- 1.6 x 10-12 11.8 benzoic HC7H5O2 6.4 x 10-5 4.2 boric (I) H3BO3 5.4 x 10-10 9.3 boric (II) H2BO3- 1.8 x 10-13 12.7 boric (III) HBO32- 1.6 x 10-14 13.8 carbonic (I) H2CO3 4.5 x 10-7 6.3 carbonic (II) HCO3- 4.7 x 10-11 10.3 citric (I) H3C6H5O7 3.2 x 10-7 6.5 citric (II) H2C6H5O7- 1.7 x 105 4.8 citric (III) HC6H5O72- 4.1 x 10-7 6.4 formic HCHO2 1.8 x 10-4 3.7 hydrazidic HN3 1.9 x 10-5 4.7 hydrocyanic HCN 6.2 x 10-10 9.2 hydrofluoric HF 6.3 x 10-4 3.2 hydrogen peroxide H2O2 2.4 x 10-12 11.6 hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- 1.2 x 10-2 1.9 hypochlorous HOCl 3.5 x 10-8 7.5 lactic HC3H5O3 8.3 x 10-4 3.1 nitrous HNO2 4.0 x 10-4 3.4 oxalic (I) H2C2O4 5.8 x 10-2 1.2 oxalic (II) HC2O4- 6.5 x 10-5 4.2 phenol HOC6H5 1.6 x 10-10 9.8 propanic HC3H5O2 1.3 x 10-5 4.9 sulfurous (I) H2SO3 1.4 x 10-2 1.85 sulfurous (II) HSO3- 6.3 x 10-8 7.2 uric HC5H3N4O3 1.3 x 10-4 3.9

The Changes that Came About after the American Revolution

After the American Revolution, Americans, who were free of British control, started to reevaluate politics, the economy and society. The American Revolution changed American considerably politically because Americans rely on democracy rather than monarchy, socially because the roles of certain social groups experienced a nuance change, and economically because the Americans freed themselves from having to send their raw materials to England and created their own currency. With these changes also revolved some aspects that this soon to be strong country still has today. When first breaking away from Britain, Americans wanted their government to not resemble Britain’s at all. To do this, the 13 colonies wrote the articles of confederation to form a completely different type of government. However, the government under the Articles had virtually no power because it couldn’t raise money through taxes. Due to this they knew that they had to call in for a more centralized gov ernment. As the constitution was written and it was in the process of being ratified by all the states, the federalist papers written mostly by Alexander Hamilton were written. In one paper by James Madison, he writes â€Å"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition† (Document I), this was the beginning of the invention of the checks and balances system that we use today as well. After the Constitution was ratified it both similar and different to the British government. This was one of the greatest goals theyShow MoreRelatedRevolutions are usually described as â€Å"radical† events. A â€Å"radical† event is defined as one that700 Words   |  3 PagesRevolutions are usually described as â€Å"radical† events. A â€Å"radical† event is defined as one that greatly changes the political, cultural, social, and/or economic nature of a society. I believe that the American Revolution was a radical event that dramatically changed our society. 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Silent Movies (Summary) Free Essays

SILENT MOVIES Talk to people who saw films for the first time when they were silent, and they will tell you the experience was magic. The silent film, with music, had extraordinary powers to draw an audience into the story, and an equally potent capacity to make their imagination work. They had to supply the voices and the sound effects, and because their minds were engaged, they appreciated the experience all the more. We will write a custom essay sample on Silent Movies (Summary) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The audience was the final creative contributor to the process of making a film. The films have gained a charm and other worldliness with age but, inevitably, they have also lost something. The impression they made when there was no rival to the moving picture was more profound, more intense; compared to the easily accessible pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-handed axe, against the blunt scraping of a tableknife. The silent period may be known as â€Å"The Age of Innocence† but it included years unrivalled for their dedicated viciousness. In Europe, between 1914 and 1918 more men were killed to less purpose than at any other time in history. In publications of the time, one reads horrified reactions against films showing â€Å"life as it is†. You did not leave the problems at home mere1? to encounter them again at the movies. You paid your money initially, for forgetfulness. Gradually movie-going altered from relaxation to ritual. In the big cities, you went to massive picture palaces, floating through incense-laden air to the strains of organ music, to worship at the Cathedral of Light. You paid homage to your favourite star; you dutifully communed with the fan magazines. You wore the clothes they wore in the movies; you bought the furniture you saw on the screen. You joined a congregation composed of every strata of society. And you shared your adulation with Shanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your favourite pastime had become the most powerful cultural influence in the world — exceeding even that of the Press. The silent film was not only a vigorous popular art; it was a universal language — Esperanto for the eyes. Although the genre of silent movie faded it the 30’s it left us plenty of short and feature-length comedies created by four greatest silent screen actors: Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon. The most beloved of the four, the most appreciated by critics, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general acclaim. Chaplin was a master of pantomime. His virtuoso improvisations quickly attracted the attention of American film-makers. At first he turned down all offers but in 1913 he finally joined Mack Sennet’s film company. His success with the public was truly unique. This fact opened great opportunities for him to start his own business. He showed rare versatility in acting as the producer-director-script-writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies. His most famous films are â€Å"The Kid†, â€Å"The Gold Rush†, â€Å"The Circus† ,†City Lights†, â€Å"Modern Times†. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton’s contribution to the genre has been profound as well. Both comedians used story material of a young American trying to be successful as a man, in his love and in his business. Though they were both gifted and original actors and they could match Chaplin in his skill it took them longer to receive recognition that could compete with Chaplin’s fame. However by the early 1920’s both Lloyd and Keaton were already well-known to the public and could start producing feature films, which meant that they were very successful at the box-office. The fourth actor, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-child portrait that made him different from the other major comedians of his time. The four great comedians created a great comic tradition that was carried on with the sound age. They have given us masterpieces that will never fade, and they will influence the film comedies yet to be born. How to cite Silent Movies (Summary), Papers Silent Movies (Summary) Free Essays SILENT MOVIES Talk to people who saw films for the first time when they were silent, and they will tell you the experience was magic. The silent film, with music, had extraordinary powers to draw an audience into the story, and an equally potent capacity to make their imagination work. They had to supply the voices and the sound effects, and because their minds were engaged, they appreciated the experience all the more. We will write a custom essay sample on Silent Movies (Summary) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The audience was the final creative contributor to the process of making a film. The films have gained a charm and other worldliness with age but, inevitably, they have also lost something. The impression they made when there was no rival to the moving picture was more profound, more intense; compared to the easily accessible pictures of today, it was the blow of a two-handed axe, against the blunt scraping of a tableknife. The silent period may be known as â€Å"The Age of Innocence† but it included years unrivalled for their dedicated viciousness. In Europe, between 1914 and 1918 more men were killed to less purpose than at any other time in history. In publications of the time, one reads horrified reactions against films showing â€Å"life as it is†. You did not leave the problems at home mere1? to encounter them again at the movies. You paid your money initially, for forgetfulness. Gradually movie-going altered from relaxation to ritual. In the big cities, you went to massive picture palaces, floating through incense-laden air to the strains of organ music, to worship at the Cathedral of Light. You paid homage to your favourite star; you dutifully communed with the fan magazines. You wore the clothes they wore in the movies; you bought the furniture you saw on the screen. You joined a congregation composed of every strata of society. And you shared your adulation with Shanghai, Sydney and Santiago. For your favourite pastime had become the most powerful cultural influence in the world — exceeding even that of the Press. The silent film was not only a vigorous popular art; it was a universal language — Esperanto for the eyes. Although the genre of silent movie faded it the 30’s it left us plenty of short and feature-length comedies created by four greatest silent screen actors: Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton and Harry Langdon. The most beloved of the four, the most appreciated by critics, Charles Chaplin, was the first to win general acclaim. Chaplin was a master of pantomime. His virtuoso improvisations quickly attracted the attention of American film-makers. At first he turned down all offers but in 1913 he finally joined Mack Sennet’s film company. His success with the public was truly unique. This fact opened great opportunities for him to start his own business. He showed rare versatility in acting as the producer-director-script-writer-musician-leading actor of his own comedies. Read also  Summary : Love Is Never Silent His most famous films are â€Å"The Kid†, â€Å"The Gold Rush†, â€Å"The Circus† ,†City Lights†, â€Å"Modern Times†. Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton’s contribution to the genre has been profound as well. Both comedians used story material of a young American trying to be successful as a man, in his love and in his business. Though they were both gifted and original actors and they could match Chaplin in his skill it took them longer to receive recognition that could compete with Chaplin’s fame. However by the early 1920’s both Lloyd and Keaton were already well-known to the public and could start producing feature films, which meant that they were very successful at the box-office. The fourth actor, Harry Langdon, was noted for his man-child portrait that made him different from the other major comedians of his time. The four great comedians created a great comic tradition that was carried on with the sound age. They have given us masterpieces that will never fade, and they will influence the film comedies yet to be born. How to cite Silent Movies (Summary), Essay examples

Video Also Explains the Origin of the Word Strategy How

Question: What Is The Unique Value Which The Company Should Bring To The Customers? Answer: Introducation From the E-class, one of the key points I extracted from the video is the definition of strategy. From the definition, I realized that strategy is formulation of plans to establish success in a particular activity (Edna, 2013). The video also explains the origin of the word strategy. It says that this word originated from a Greek word stratigos. Because sometimes people think that business is a modern day war, modern executives need to develop a set of strategies which can enable their organizations to succeed in the competitive markets. From the video, there is an explanation of what good strategy entails. For example, a good strategy should provide answers to four key questions. The first question should be do we compete? This involves the types of market which an organization operates. The second question should be what is the unique value which the company should bring to the customers? This includes the reasons why the customers prefer choosing your products rather than those of your competitors in terms of differentiation. The next question in this case should be what are the resources/capabilities which the company should utilize to achieve value? This should include capital, superior technology, and unique reputation. Resources generally will mean the things that the company has, both tangible such as machineries and intangible such as reputation. Capabilities in this case refer to the things which the company can do (Kster, 2011). The final question should be how the company can sustain its ability to bring unique value. This involves factors that can keep the competitors from willing or able to replicate the value which the company creates to its customers. The last question focuses on the factors which make the company to continue winning over time. Based on how IKEA operates, one can learn that strategy involves techniques which challenge competitors from imitating products of another company. For example, the complex interdependence strategy makes it difficult for competitors to imitate. If the competitors must imitate this company, they must change how they design and ship their furniture. Other strategies used by IKEA include avoiding competing in the high furniture business. A clear strategy should include what the company does and what it does not do to maintain its success. From henry mintzbergs view, sometimes a strategy can be more about what one does instead of what one intends to do (Thomas, 2015). This mostly occurs when your strategy emerges when what you intend to does not line up with your plans. There are various important aspects which should go along with strategy. For example, timing is imperative because executing plans without proper time management may make one fail. Another aspect which is important in establishing strategies is opinions from experts (Anand, 2015). Since one cannot adequately cover every experts opinion in minutes, it is important to focus on the four questions discussed earlier. When ana lyzing competitors and coming up with strategies, one need to come up with answers to those questions. Like for example where do we compete, what unique value do we bring, what are the unique resources and capabilities do we utilize and finally how do we sustain our value. From this video, I believe proper strategy formulation can assist one to not only attain organizational goals but also to attain success in other aspects. For example, coming up with good strategies assists students to attain their academic goals. Strategy goes along with proper time management, analyzing what one wants to attain, and knowing resources and capabilities that would be needed to attain the best (Cater, 2010). From my experience, I think coming up with good strategy can assist students especially those who do not perform better to attain excellent results. One of the companies which I believe can use these ideas to improve its performance is 1-page limited. This company provides cloud based human resources software products which assist HR departments in sourcing and qualifying applicants as well as engaging their workforce. By the end of 2016, this company experienced serious decline in sales because of not having good strategy and other factors. Application of various ideas from this video like for example coming up with the four questions and finding their answers can assist this company to succeed. 1- Page limited should ensure all employees are engaged in working towards the success of this company through telling them the importance of working based on the organizational strategy (Kumar, 2012). The management should also apply different ideas contained in this video to not only in the production department but also in other departments. The company must understand its goal, like for example what it wants to attain in a particular time (Brian, 2012). The management should also plan how to use its resources and capabilities when formulating its strategies. From the video, it was clear that strategies work better with good time. This means when executing strategies, it is imperative to ensure proper time management is highly considered. Another way which these ideas can be applied in this company is by making the products unique to the customer and ensuring its competitors are not able to replicate them. One of the factors which triggered sales decline in this company was lack of proper planning (Marijana, 2014). Therefore, applying these ideas can assist 1-page limited to attain both long and short term goals. Most of the ideas relates very closely to various topics I have learned in this subject. For example, the definition of the word strategy, how functions in an organization and what organizations can do to make their strategies are closely related to what I have learned in different topics in this subject. The ideas provided in the video seem to be a summary of various things I have covered in this subject. From this subject, I learned that strategy is an important factor for organizations which wish to attain both long-term and short-term results. From this video, I have also learned the same thing. Generally, by relating the ideas contained in this video and what I have read in different topics of this subject, I b elieve the importance of strategy is uniform. References Anand, T. (2015). THE NAVY'S SUCCESS SPEAKS FOR ITSELF? the German Navy's Independent Energy Security Strategy, 1932-1940. Naval War College Review, 68(3), 89-98. Brian, H. (2012). Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters. Irish Journal of Management, 31(2), 34-78. Cater, D. (2010). Factors of Effective Strategy Implementation: Empirical Evidence from Slovenian Business Practice*. Journal for East European Management Studies, 15(3), 123-156. Edna, B. (2013). Repositioning Strategy for Malaysian Companies Internationalization. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 3(2), 344-389. Kumar, P. (2012). Collaborative Strategy - the Way Forward in Alliances and Joint Ventures: A Concept Note. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 9(2), 95-123. Kster, N. (2011). The Market Orientation-Innovation-Success Relationship: The Role of Internationalization Strategy. Innovation : Management, Policy Practice, 13(1), 56-78. Marijana, B. (2014). Analysis of Cross-Sector Differentiation during Strategy Formulation. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 1(1), 67-89. Thomas, F. (2015). Verbeke, A., International Business Strategy: Rethinking the Foundations of Global Corporate Success, 2nd Edition. Management International Review, 55(1), 45-67.

Capital Punishment Proponents and Opponents Arguements

Table of Contents Introduction Proponents Opponents Discussion Conclusion Introduction Capital punishment is a judicial death punishment for people convicted of committing heinous crimes. The use of capital punishment all over the world varies from one country to another, although it is being removed gradually from the current constitutions of various countries because it is considered as an inhuman form of punishment. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Punishment: Proponents and Opponents Arguements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Capital punishment raises a lot of controversy world wide on whether to continue using it or not. If yes, what type of punishment and on what category of crimes? Proponents Proponents of capital punishment argue that, the only way to punish heinous criminals is by capital punishment because life imprisonment is not an effective way of punishing and warning potential criminal s against committing terrible crimes. Hence, capital punishment is not only a punishment to criminals but also a warning to prospective criminals from committing heinous crimes. Capital punishment supporters also argue that it is the cheapest way of eliminating horrific criminals from the society as compared to life imprisonment that needs tight security and much worry of possible escape of the criminal back into the society and repeat the same crimes. They also say that elimination of the criminals will stop them from haunting the families and friends of the victims. Proponents further argue that there are just and humane ways of executing capital punishment without torturing the criminal. Opponents The opponents of capital of capital punishment argue that it is not a just and humane way of punishing heinous criminals in the society because everybody has right to life. They also say that, since there is no standard definition of heinous crimes, there are high possibilities to exe cute innocent people or misuse execution in revenge to suite personal interests.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another argument in opposition to capital punishment is the lack of a standard in judicial procedures worldwide in determining what constitutes heinous crimes and what form of capital punishment is acceptable. For instance, in the Middle Eastern countries, homosexuality and unfaithfulness of a woman to a spouse is considered as crimes punishable by stoning while in United States homosexuals and prostitutes have their rights protected. Discussion Capital punishment should be allowed in punishing heinous criminals so that they pay the price of their actions and further convey a strong warning to other potential criminals. However, several questions remain unanswered; what constitutes heinous crime? What strategies are used in convicting suspects? In addition, what is the form of capital punishment? The capital punishment simply implies death punishment, which means it is possible to arrest, convict, and execute innocent suspects for subjective reasons. There must be clear and standard definition of what constitutes heinous crimes or crimes that are punishable by death penalty. The judicial system must have structures of vetting innocent suspects and standard form of capital punishment applicable worldwide to avoid subjective and stereotype forms of punishment that are inhuman. Conclusion Capital punishment is the effective punishment to horrific criminals who are there to destroy our societies. Capital punishment does not only punish the criminal but also gives the right impression to fellow criminals or prospective criminal of the imminent punishment awaiting them. This warning will give them an opportunity to change their life styles while still free since they have no second chance to reform. Unlike life imprisonment where criminals finds the o pportunity of reforming but remain ruthless while still free.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Punishment: Proponents and Opponents Arguements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Capital Punishment: Proponents and Opponents Arguements was written and submitted by user Aydin Kramer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Plato and Machiavelli essays

Plato and Machiavelli essays Platos Republic and Machiavellis The Prince are each hugely important texts in the history of philosophy. Even though they were written approximately 1900 years apart, they represent two of the most valuable commentaries on political philosophy. They are of course, very different in their discussions of philosophy, yet some similarities are evident. Plato writes about philosophy through the mouth of Socrates, illustrating indirectly through a lengthy dialogue his own ideas and opinions. As a contrast to this method of narration, Machiavelli writes The Prince as a letter of personal advice to Lorenzo Medici. Within his work, Machiavelli makes numerous recommendations that have earned him the label of a heartless and cruel man. Plato, on the other hand, makes much of his discussion about the true nature of philosophy and the just treatment of all citizens. Despite numerous differences, Plato and Machiavelli each desire the rule of philosophers in their states, but while Plato approache s this with direct rule and education of philosopher-kings, Machiavelli appeals to manipulation and deceit in order to secure the rule of philosophers. Platos aim in his political state is for the greatest good of all people, through the best balancing of the natural elements on an individual and political scale. According to Plato, the human soul is comprised of the reasoning part, the spirited part and the appetites. The parallel elements within a city are the rulers, warriors and artisans. Only when these are ordered correctly will peace, justice, and long term prosperity prevail. If these are not balanced correctly, than a person will not lead a good and just life, and they will suffer because of it . The correct hierarchy is how it has been dictated, with the rational part controlling the spirit, and the spirit limiting the desires. In order to ensure that these basic parts of the soul are ideally ordered, strong central rule fo...

Contract Acquisitions Contracting and the FAR Essay

Contract Acquisitions Contracting and the FAR - Essay Example Under such suits, those claiming received a percentage of the money recovered. The civil swindle inquiry, which was incited by a whistle-blower who had been an employee for the firm, was another severe humiliation for the Navy that is already grappling with a criminal analysis of its major ship contractor in the Pacific, Glenn Defense Marine Asia. The company’s owner,  Leonard Glenn Francis, was detained in September on accusation of conspiring to corrupt Navy officials with money, prostitutes, and trips in exchange. Those officials aided deflect ships to certain ports where Glenn Defense submitted exaggerated bills. 3 Navy officials were charged with crimes, and 4 others, together with 2 admirals, were suspended over relation with Mr. Francis (Grossman, 2003). Investigators accused Inchcape of a diverse plan: that it paid commissions to subcontractors ready to give great discounts, and then took the variation as a substitute of refunding it to the Navy. A national subpoena issued in March 2011 anticipated that Inchcape turned over its proceedings concerning Navy ships and any discounts or rebates from subcontractors since 2002. Report show that the marine Supply unit Command unmitigated Inchcape’s biggest contract 7 times since 2010, when the Justice unit began analyzing the whistle-blower’s allegations. The firm had won at least $257 million for exertion in the Middle East under the agreement. Since 2010, the Navy has given the company at least 8 other contracts, anticipated at more than $41 million, inclusive of three years. (Grossman, 2003). The FAR does not offer adequate protection to the American people because it was called for by the President to help the periodic appraisal of existing important set of laws, The FAR committee finalized its strategy to carry out a demonstration review of presented important set of laws. In May 2012, the

Missouri Crimes Against Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Missouri Crimes Against Property - Essay Example Usually, property crimes are large crimes targeting jewelry, electronics, for example, stereos, cameras, and other valuable equipment. Products that are included in property crime tend to be enjoyable, concealable, valuable, available, removable, and easy to dispose (Allen, 2005). This paper will look at  the State of Missouri, and its statute concerning a crime against property. A robbery charge should not be taken lightly because the outcomes of a guilty verdict are extremely harsh. Missouri law classifies a robbery charge as either that in the second degree, or that in the first degree. In Missouri, first degree robbery is categorized as a class A felony. The class A felony constitutes a prison term that is between 10 to 30 years. An individual is involved in robbery in the first degree when he uses force to steal possessions from another person and displays, threatens, uses, or possesses a deadly or dangerous weapon, or causes severe physical harm to an individual. In contrast, an individual is involved in robbery in the second degree when he employs force to steal belongings from another person (Conklin, 1972). In Missouri, second degree robbery is categorized as a class B felony. ... The definitions of robbery crime used are mainly of two types: those that are modified to the standards of American Law Institute Model Penal Code and those directly originated from the former English common law (Friedman, 2005). Missouri statues move into extra details while a small number of states like Virginia, leave the description as it is in the common law. Under the historical common law or older definitions of robbery, it demands proof of theft, the key common law theft, the theft is by fear or force, and the theft is from immediate presence or person of the victim. Use of Fear or Force The prime element of robbery is that theft be by means of either fear or force. A common form of robbery that utilizes force is mugging. In this case, the robber holds the neck of an unsuspecting individual from the rear and uses force to take his or her valuables, for example, wallet, purse, or phone. Other popular forms of force include striking a victim with a blunt object, fist, or gun. I n contrast, picking another person’s pocket is not presumed as robbery. This is because there is no perceived use of fear or force, and robbery entails the use of force and not just removing the belongings from the pocket (Siegel, 2003). Nevertheless, if the robber manhandles the victim during the taking, or if the victim is aware of the endeavor and resists, it becomes robbery. Taking from Presence or Person Another element of robbery, under historical common law,  is that the action be in the immediate presence of the victim or from the individual. Possession is considered taken from a person if it is taken from his clothing or hand, or from an area where it is hidden while the individual is running away from the robber. A victim’s

Business statistic Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business statistic - Article Example The political unrest in the Middle East, the earthquake in Japan, and the weak housing market are some of the factors that contributed to the decline in economic growth during the first quarter. Coming from a 3.1% growth in fourth quarter of 2010, the first quarter growth rate of gross domestic product declined at 2.7%. Economists, however, maintain a positive outlook on economic recovery. The unemployment rate which currently stands at 8.8% is predicted to fall to 8.3% on December 2011. This decline in unemployment is attributed to the 200,000 jobs which economists believe will be offered by the government next year. More jobs extend purchasing power that’s why consumer prices are also expected to rise at the end of 2011. Economists predict the inflation rate to register at 2.8% by year-end. The price per barrel of oil, in addition, is estimated to fall under 100 dollars. Interest rate, meanwhile, is forecasted to increase by the end of 2011. Economists point to decreasing unemployment rate and increasing inflation rate as factors that would likely cause the Federal Reserve to increase interest

Shakespeares supernatural elements

Shakespeares supernatural elements Shakespeare used the supernatural in Macbeth to entertain and to terrify his audiences. Is a modern audience entertained and terrified in the same way by the supernatural elements in the play? The main function of the play is to entertain and to terrify the audiences who witness the play. The three witches lure Macbeth into their plan and he fulfils their predictions after being influenced by the idea of becoming king. Once king, Macbeth goes back to see the witches again and he demands more prophecies of his future. Macbeths ambition takes control of him and is what eventually leads him to his death. The mood and atmosphere, within the audience changes, dramatically, during play. The characters, e.g. Macbeth, are constantly developing and becoming new people due to the supernatural effect, influenced by others. The supernatural creates a dark and sinister effect towards the atmosphere of the play, where it is easier to believe that evil things can occur, for instance, Duncans murder. The way the witches control the mysterious forces of the supernatural gives the audience an uncomfortable feeling which partially contributes to the dark, threatening mood. Characters use ambiguities and antitheses to bring across a dramatic effect, fair is foule, and foule is fair is a direct contrast of words yet it has more than one meaning. This type of language adds towards the threatening mood of the play. Many people today do not believe in witches because we know that there is no such thing as supernatural, due to scientific evidence. This is why modern audiences enjoy reading or watching plays, like Macbeth, because it is very exciting and out of the ordinary due to its use of supernatural elements in the play. We notice that there is also a lot of superstition manifested in the play. Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth says, Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, this tells us that she has a strong belief in superstition and relies on the evil spirits to give her strength. She also says The raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements this shows that she believes in superstitious signs about what will happen. Shakespeares contemporary audiences would not have understood anything about the reality of supernatural elements. They would have all been very superstitious and have believed in the supernatural of witchcraft. They wou ld have believed that Macbeth was possessed because he had visions and was distressed. People believed in these supernatural figures because they did not have any explanations for the things that happened. Nowadays we have the advantage of having scientific knowledge and theories. We have a full advantage on the understanding of the supernatural elements of the play. Act 1 Scene 1 is the first supernatural scene that we observe. In an open, deserted, wasteland, we first notice that all three witches mysteriously gather together and plan to meet again on the heath. Throughout the play, the witches speak in their own language to confuse their victims. We observe the witches in three different clips and they are each portrayed very differently. Clip 1, directed by Trevor Nunn, 1978, the scene is rather daunting and unsettling. The witches enter a dark, deserted cave-like area at night and are seen as typical witches. All three witches are dressed in rags yet appear to have different ages and appearances. The two elder witches rely on the younger witch as a source of prophesy for the future. The clip is fully focused on the witches as it is set on stage so the background is less detailed. Many background sound effects are used to create a dangerous storm-like atmosphere which creates a build up of tension. Clip 2, directed by Bogdanov, 1998, is an inaccurate approach to the witches as they are set in the future. It is set in an old quarry with an unpleasant and deserted atmosphere due to all of the rubbish and fires. Yet again, the witches all have different appearances- they are different races, they wear unusual, gypsy-like clothi ng and could be described as homeless people. Clip 1 is more realistic than Clip 2 because we know that at Shakespeares time, the surroundings would not have been like that and it is less convincing. The witches are able to predict and foretell the coming future, Witch 3 exclaims, That will be ere the set of sun, this shows us that they can prophesise what is going to happen. The witches plan to meet with Macbeth from the very beginning of the play, There to meet with Macbeth which also emphasizes their powers, because they plan to meet with a character of whom they have never met before, yet they know that he will definitely be there. As prophesized, he comes, and repeats the words that the witches have used, So foul and fair it is almost as if he has already had an anonymous connection with the witches and evil spirits. Act 1 Scene 3, Banquo and Macbeth first meet the witches. Banquo describes them as withered th inhabitants o the earth, this tells us they are old, wild looking, very unattractive and strange for wearing such unusual clothes. He also says that they have beards, which explains how they are different to most women. The Witches make predictions for Macbeths future. They exclaim, Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none which leaves Macbeth confused yet intrigued to find out more about his prophesised destiny. Banquo thinks that it is weird how they have predicted such a grand future for Macbeth and exclaims things that do sound so fair? Banquo does not believe the predictions will happen, L the name of truth. Act 1 Scene 3, the witches speak in contradicting riddles to confuse Macbeth, Lesser than Macbeth, and greater, Not so happy, but much happier. Both riddles are particularly confusing for the audience and Macbeth to comprehend due to their contradictions. Throughout the play, the witches continue to act very mysteriously, which also contributes to the cunning, impact that they have on us. Even though the witches are reluctant to tell Macbeth too much, they influence him to fulfil the prophecies, in order to become king, after a previous prediction comes true. It suggests that the witches put him under a spell as he is continuously intrigued to find out more about the predictions for his future. Act 4 Scene 1, known as the cauldron scene, is one of the most commonly well known superstitious scenes throughout the play. It is well known for its famous quote, double double toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble!. This scene is brought to life in the dramatic way in which the Witches use the cauldron. The theatrical effect is increased by the spell and its imaginary ingredients. A few of the ingredients are, eye of newt, and toe of frog, wool of bat and tongue of dog. This creates a dramatic impact towards the mood and atmosphere of the scene because the audience is encouraged to feel disturbed by the strange, eerie events on stage and the mysterious actions of the witches. The witches are very sinister and serious about the potion and repeat their charm, double double toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble!, three times, which adds to the suspension causing the audience to feel especially nerved as they wait for what is going to happen next. This scene is very powerful because it creates a huge amount of suspension within its audience, who begin to feel as though they are being lingered into the dreadfully, dark, evil magic being created. Audiences may even begin to believe that they are supposed to be dark spirits and witches, observing the creation of the potion. Before Macbeth enters the cave, the Witches predict, by the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes. Yet again, this emphasises their continuous, precision in their predictions. Macbeth begins to rapidly rely on the witches for his success in royalty. We begin to see that they are slowly, with disguise, lingering him into their prophesised trap and allowing him to become another one of their helpless victims. During this scene, Macbeth is very unaware as he does not think deeply enough about the prophecies that he is being given for the future. Macbeth enters the cavern and demands the witches to tell him exactly what he wants, you secret, black and midnight hags! What ist you do? Macbeth instantly appears fearless and has too much confidence. When he is told that none of woman born shall harm Macbeth, Macbeth appears oblivious when he says then live, Macduff, what need I fear of thee?. He is fooled by the trick within the announcement and believes that no one can harm him. He believes he is invincible and is unafraid of death, Ill fight till from my bones my flesh be hackd. Macbeth threatens to curse the witches if they dont do as he commands, and this shows that he has over estimated his power. The supernatural has a powerful, dramatic effect over peoples lives that takes control and causes characters personalities to change for the worse. The witches are linked with supernatural and co ntrol the mysteriousness of it all, which is how Macbeth became possessed, leading to his death. When Macbeth was told the predictions for his future, he made a turn for the worst and used evil methods to complete the necessary requirements, to fulfil the predictions. We know that Macbeths knowledge of the future took over his life and forced him to become an evil character. Another scene that contains supernatural elements is Act 2 Scene 1, also well known as the dagger scene. Macbeth expresses his thoughts and emotions whilst heading towards Duncans chamber. Macbeth has visions and sees a dagger and is fascinated by it. The first half of the soliloquy, Shakespeare explores Macbeths feelings towards the dagger. Macbeth questions the dagger and is uncertain whether he is hallucinating or if there is a real dagger in front of him, is this a dagger which I see before me. Macbeth follows the dagger and exclaims, Thou marshallst me the way that I was going. Shakespeares plot suggests that the witches have sent the dagger as a sign for Macbeth to follow and fulfil. The second half of the soliloquy, Shakespeare creates a daunting atmosphere, nature seems at dead and wicked dreams abuse. Shakespeare uses imagery to create a picture of the scene in our minds. He uses similes, moves like a ghost, and so we can picture how silently Macbeth travels. Macbeth fears that all of the evil spirits will disturb the plan and cause it to fail for fear thy very stones prate of my whereabout. Macbeth is the main character of the play and as the story develops we start to become part of his character. Our thoughts and emotions become more similar to his, which is why although Macbeth is doing wrong, we still feel sympathy for his feelings and do not want him to be found out and punished. Shakespeare describes the outside world as a hell world and suggests that it is full of dark and evil spirits, hiding among the shadows of the night. Shakespeare creates an atmosphere that is both tensional and stressful for the audience. The night is full of dark, evil, dangerous, spirits from the unknown world and with such a sinister atmosphere; it resembles the witches because they encourage evil deeds to take place- this makes us sense that the witches are trying to communicate with Macbeth and lure him into their plan. Macbeth says, Witchcraft celebrates Pale Heca tes offerings, which suggests the witches are near. Act 2 Scene 1, there are many different interpretations which are all represented uniquely. Trevor Nunn, 1978, the scene is entirely focused on Macbeth as he speaks aloud. The daggers sharpness is emphasised and the scene is almost too quite- this forces us to share his intensity. We see that Macbeth is terrified as he is sweating heavily and speaks with an uneasy tone. He later goes on to caress the dagger due to his madness. In the Orson Welles 1948, version, the entire scene is portrayed by Macbeths thoughts. The eerie background music is very disturbing and suspicious which adds to the impact of the scene. The camera goes in and out of focus, which adds to the confusion of the scene and the low-key lighting represents good and evil. We are unable to see the dagger although we hear mysterious voices, which represent how the witches are always watching their victims. Act 3 Scene 4, is when we witness another supernatural scene from the play. The Banquet scene is the centrepiece of the play. When Banquos ghost appears, Macbeth is immediately terrified and scared that the ghost might punish and haunt him for the evil sins he has committed. Macbeth refers to the ghost and says Thou canst not say I did it! Never shake thy gory locks at me! which shows his fear as he tries to deny the murder. Macbeth is so terrified, he begs the ghost to leave several times, Prithee, see there!, Avaunt and quit my sight!. The fact that Macbeth can see ghosts reveals that he is losing his state of mind and going mad as a result of his fear and guilt. We do not feel the same way or have the same guilt and emotions as Macbeth does, this is because we cannot see the same visions since we havent committed his crimes and therefore do not have the same feelings of guilt. The tension, as we wait to see how Macbeth will react, creates a large amount of excitement within the au dience. Shakespeares audiences would have been held under suspension as they waited to find out what was happening to Macbeth, since they couldnt see the ghost. Although, towards the end of the scene they would have explained that Macbeth was hallucinating over a guilty conscience .Although, nowadays a modern audiences opinion would not necessarily changed that much compared to Shakespeares contemporary audience. Many people would have thought similarly that Macbeth was fretting and hallucinating over a guilty conscience. Just after Macbeth succeeded in murdering Duncan, we learn that he and Lady Macbeth appeared to have swap roles. The supernatural starts to take control of Macbeth and he dramatically changes characters. As before, he used to rely on his wife, however now he becomes less dependent on his wife and takes control of situations, he even plans to kill Banquo without his wife knowing. He also becomes more confident and decisive, and is more distant with his wife. Lady Macbeth also changes; she starts to sleepwalk due to her fear in guilt, of being found out, and shouts out damned spot! as she tries to rub off the imaginary spot of blood she sees on her hand. Due to the supernatural effect, Macbeth is so focused on becoming a successful king that he ignores his wifes death. Throughout this play, we learn how some people will do almost anything to be powerful and Macbeth was one of those sorts of people. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a character with a good heart. He was even prepared to die for his king. However when he was given the chance to rule, as king, he seized the opportunity and from then on, he became frighteningly power crazy, which was when he was overrun by his aspiration of becoming an entirely successful, triumphant king. Shakespeares audiences may have seen the world in a different way to modern audiences, but nowadays we have the advantage of having scientific knowledge and theories, so we find the supernatural elements entertaining and, to some extent, terrifying. Many people today do not believe in witches because we have no evidence that it is physically possible, so we are not scared or intimidated by them. For example, we know that there is no such thing a wizard, potions and spells, which is why we enjoy watching Harry Potter. It is different from reality and we like to imagine that such a thing is possible. Although modern audiences do not react to supernatural elements in the play in the same way as Shakespeares audiences, we still find them entertaining and terrifying, in a different context.

Abortion Legalized leads to Assault :: essays research papers

This article â€Å"Pro-Life Laws Lead to Assault† by Steven Ereit is intrusive, and completely opinionated. This article noticeably mentions that many incidents of killings and assaults that have gone on between young teenagers are the direct result of legalized abortion. It is stated in the article by Ereit that having abortion legalized shows teens that killing is one of the solutions to life’s problems. Also that if the soon to be mother doesn’t comply with having the abortion the soon to be father has the right to assault or even kill their wives/girlfriends. The law making abortion legal doesn’t insist on anyone killing to solve the problems in their life. The contemplation of killing for peace comes from that persons own mental state or family background. Ereit’s conclusion is based on his own personal opinions, and is completely invalid.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s clearly stated in the article that legalized abortion is stating that killing is the solution to life’s problems. That instead of abortion these teens need help in making good decisions about sex, relationships, and responsibility. Ereit made the point that since abortion was legalized and teens have been notified about this fact they have no need for important information about sex, and relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenagers being taught about safe sex, and making smart decisions when it comes towards relationships is based on their environment while growing up. The fact that abortion was made legal has nothing to do with teenagers not making good decisions when it comes to matters of the opposite sex. Parents, Guardians, or important people in that child life are supposed to teach them what’s right and what’s wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ereit also mentioned that since abortion was made legal, soon to be fathers feel that they have the right to take matters into their own hands and give the mother an abortion. The law making abortion legal in no way gives or states that the father has any rights to abort the baby himself. The decision on what will be done with the child is left strictly up to the mother. The father has no right to that baby until it is out of its mother’s womb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article Ereit wrote was totally invalid and a bunch of opinions. There was no valid information to back up what he was saying. Abortion doesn’t teach teens that killing is the solution to all life’s problems.

Analyse and present research information Essay

Executive summary In this case study â€Å"Kerr Deliveries† is a service oriented organization. They are doing courier service. The purpose of this case study is to solve the problem as an IT expert. Without information technology it is really difficult to develop the business. This modern era is about globalization. Company should adopt different system for their business to stay safe in the right track. Robert Kerr is a successful delivery company based on NSW since 1995. I am working as his assistant. In this report i will recommend which computer to buy for the company. After researching computer market i think company should buy Dell desktop, Toshiba laptop and Samsung PDA. In research report bellow I am going explain why company should buy those brand computers. In this case study â€Å"Kerr Deliveries† is a small company which is operate by Robert Kerr and his associates. They provide delivery services by bicycles, vans and cars for their clients across Sydney and regional NSW. Due to business expanding at rapid rate ,Robert going to begin operations in Canberra, Melbourne and Brisbane in couple of months time. User/system personnel interface in improving system flexibility: Information system has great impact in a every business organization. Information systems flexibility is becoming increasingly important, both research (for example information system, supply chain management, organizational flexibility, research domains) and industry. Rapidly change in the business every organization has given more significance on information systems. Although RTD did not implement information system flexibility and online presence in their business, to develop their business organization they should introduce their information system flexibility in their business. However, the main concept of flexibility in a management disciplines including organization strategy and structured, manufacturing and IT. Every business directly and indirectly depends on information system and companies give primary priority to the information systems. System flexibility develops business efficiency and customer satisfactions. (question1) A service oriented method for system of systems requirements analysis and architecture design: For rapid changes in business environment organization are facing various problems, they may also face the problem of alignment of  IT with business strategy. In our case study RTD faces lots of problems regarding business strategy. Though they are service oriented company with combination of courier, removals and cattle transportation in a certain locality. They have not got proper information systems also got poor transaction record system, job schedule, vehicles problem are the main business problems. In their business they also face few more problems like payroll problem, poor marketing strategy, invoicing problem, and cash and cheque oriented transactions. This article provides reusable and flexible solution for system requirement modelling and it enables the requirement description of system. It also demonstrates the applicability of the method for the service oriented company. (Question 2) Communication of the association for information system: Every organization should implement information system to operate their business activities. This article describes how a punctuated process model can analyse a specific information system development (ISD). They also focus on information system project which was implemented in a UK retail small medium sized enterprise (SME). A new technology was being applied instead of previous one. Basically information system method can give us a new realistic and valuable way to realize ISD as a social process. By using information system development, RTD can communicate through organizational work as well as information system building process within the organization. Eventually this change in existing organizational routines can play positive impact on RTD. (Question 3) Organizational information system competence in SME: Small medium sized enterprise can play vital role in the global economy. In every SME, they need information system to enhance their business activities. There are some associates with business advantages, Information system planning, acquiring IS knowledge and describing its requirements, software and hardware sourcing, develop the application and tools and finally maintain the relationship between IS and suppliers. There are various new frameworks which can help RTD to develop their operational activities. Macro-competence (business and strategic thinking) help them to get rid of their previous problem. This model can develop business  opportunities from current and emerging hardware and software applications. It can also help to established appropriate criteria for decision making on IS investment. It can integrated with IS plan with business strategy. (Question 8) Competitive advantages and strategic Information system: In the time of modern technology, business organization needed useful system for existing in global business. They should implement different types of information system for their business. In this article they provide us different information system which can really help to achieve competitive advantages. Those systems are as follows: Decision support systems (DSS): that helps to build strategic approach to manage Information system/ information technology with an organizational business planning. Primarily Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): which can integrate between enterprise objectives and enterprise resources. Data base system: is â€Å"data mining† which can help to gather the information for marketing, production, promotion and the innovation for the business organization. Real time Information systems: that intended to maintain a rapid response and the quality indicators. (Question 5) Information System Strategy; Re conceptualization, Measurement and Implications: According to Davis (2000) the information systems of an organization consist of the information technology infrastructure, data, application systems, and personnel that employ IT to deliver information and communications services in an organization .Thus the Concept of IS combines both the technical components and Human activities within the organization as well as describes the process of managing the life cycle of organizational IS Practices (Avgerou and McGrath 2007). In this article they focused on new typology that operationallized is strategy in a way that can apply in a holistic sense to the organization. They also describe different definition of strategy in their extended strategic management literature and finalizing of information system strategy. RTD can use centric view of IS strategy may resolve these outlined issues. (Question 4) Conclusions: In conclusion RTD face various problems when they started their business.  There is no alternative without using information system in a business organization. Nowadays, the business environment change rapidly because of globalization. Every company should keep their information up to date for exist in this competitive market. Information system can do everything. By this system organization can collect data from out sourcing and they can store the data for long as well. They can also communicate properly within as well as outside the organization. They can use different software program for operating their business. They can improve their payroll system. However, they can collect data from internet about competitors. Eventually an organization like RTD can do the best in the market. Recommendations: There are some recommendations RTD can apply for their current situation, for example collaboration and communication, intranet and extranet, different marketing strategy. RTD has some problems to solve these they should first identify their business requirements with information system requirements. Models of Collaboration as the Foundation for Collaboration Technologies: Collaboration is very useful in every organization. According to this article â€Å"collaboration technologies would be more effective and more readily adopted and accepted if collaboration technology development were guided by models of collaboration. Model construction plays an important role in software development today; software developers construct, for example, data models and object models†. This method has no complexity. Most of the organization uses this model for their organization. The authors described four type of collaboration model. Those are as follows: 1) UML (universal modeling language), 2) work flow Modeling, 3) coordination theory model, 4) Goal, objectives, methods, and Selection (GOMS). Here, RTD can use the GOMS model, as they are doing repetitive job like transporting, and courier service for their local clients. Different human teams differed substantially in the ways they interacted and communicated. The GOMS model described how the tasks were intended to be done, but actual behavior deviated widely from this ostensive model. The Internet and DSS: massive, real-time data availability is changing the DSS landscape: The Internet can serve as a source of massive, micro-level data. In the article they discuss about the opportunity and challenges in capturing and utilizing real-time data off the Internet, intranets, or extranets. In the modern technology The Internet and company intranets and extranets increasingly provide the opportunity for a firm to obtain repeated observation of individual choices and actions. Firms now often have access to the information necessary to track the ‘‘progression to transaction’’. This abundance or rush of real time information poses significant opportunities and challenges for DSS development and implementation.RTD has to apply this technology for their business. According to Bapna et al. (2006) the role of Internet data in developing and testing new theories and patterns of individual behavior and market performance. They focused on how such abundance of real-time data offers new horizons for DSS development and continual recalibration. However, they also described the emergence of DSS internet’s data rich environments and B2B system with supply chain management. References: O’Brien, J & Marakas, G 2011, Management information systems, 10th edn, McGraw Hill, New York. Palanisamy, R, Boyle, T.A & Stuart, I 2009, ‘User/System Personnel Interface in Improving Information Systems Flexibility’, ANNAMALAI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES & RESEARCH, Vol. 1, pp.12-22(online EBSCOhost). Zhang, Y & Liu, X 2012, ‘A Service-Oriented Method for System-of- Systems Requirements Analysis and Architecture Design’, JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, Vol. 7, pp. 358-366 (online EBSCOhost). Newman, M 2009, ‘Punctuated Process Modeling of Information Systems Development: An Illustration from a Mid-Sized Enterprise’, Communication of the association for information system, Vol.24, pp.673-700 (online EBSCOhost). Cragg, P, Caldeira, M & Ward,J 2011, ‘Organizational information systems competences in small and medium-sized Enterprises’, Information & Management, Vol.48, pp.353-363 (online EBSCOhost) Chen,D, Mocker, M, Preston, D.S, & Teubner, A 2010, ‘INFORMATION SYSTEMS STRATEGY: RECONCEPTUALIZATION, MEASUREMENT, AND IMPLICATIONS’, MIS Quarterly, vol.34, pp.233-259 (online EBSCOhost) Hemmatfar, M, Salehi,M & Bayat,M 2010, ‘Competitive Advantages and Strategic Information Systems’, International Journal of Business and Management, vol.5, pp.158-170 (online EBSCOhost) Poltrock,S & Handel,M 2010, ‘Models of Collaboration as the Foundation for Collaboration Technologies’, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.27, Pp.97-122 (online EBSCOhost) Marsden, J.R 2008, ‘The Internet and DSS: massive, real-time data availability is changing the DSS landscape’, Springer, Vol.6, pp.193-203 (online EBSCOhost)

How to Easily Plan Copy For an Entire Website the Best Way

How to Easily Plan Copy For an Entire Website the Best Way Besides a stellar design, your web copy is the single most important step you can take to properly market your services. Why? Because your website functions like a billboard, sales rep, portfolio, and product page all in one. And your website is a step that big requires a serious plan. Ready to see how it’s done? We’ll walk you through all the criteria needed to plan your beautiful, smart, well-functioning website copy. How to Easily Plan Copy For an Entire Website the Best WayDownload Your Free Website Content Template As a bonus, when youre ready to write content for each page on your site, use this free template. Step 1: Develop Your Voice Voice is how you say something. It’s the difference between your brother saying, â€Å"Hey, nerd!† and hugging you, and the school bully yelling, â€Å"Hey nerd!† with a baseball bat in his hand from across the courtyard. It’s also one way people will remember you. Look at the â€Å"about us† page from Missguided,  a UK-based clothing company. They go beyond â€Å"casual† right into â€Å"colloquial† and it works well. Why? Because it fits their brand and guidelines. Think about how weird it would be if a dental company used a tone like that. Right? Now that’s why you need to make sure your voice, tone, and brand guidelines all match. Let’s look at some ways to make sure your tone, voice, and guidelines all match. Your tone is made up of your voice, your style, and those writing â€Å"quirks† that make your writing sound like you. It has to do with the pacing of your writing, the way you pull paragraphs together, and the types of words you choose to use. You could spend years and years developing your voice, but for now, we think these tips will help you get started. Your tone is made up of your voice, your style, and those writing â€Å"quirks† that make your...Identify Tone To develop your voice, you first have to identify your tone. Figure out which of these you most identify with: Casual (think about the Share a Coke  video) Traditional (think about how â€Å"Yale University† talks) Quirky (think about how Dollar Shave Club  talks) Outrageous (we’re talking about companies like Squatty Potty) Once you have your tone, you should consult two very important pieces of information: Your brand guidelines Your company values Make sure that your tone matches your brand guidelines and your company values. If you value providing honest services, you probably don’t want to run a website that’s full of jokes, lies, or silly phrases that trick your customers into purchasing products for more than they’re worth. If you value providing fast turnover times, you probably don’t want to use a quirky voice. Your best bet is to make sure your brand guidelines, company values, and tone are all aligned. Then you can get to the fun stuff. Your best bet is to make sure your brand guidelines, company values, and tone are all aligned.Step 2: Identify Your Audience Now that you know how to talk, you have to figure out what to say. You can do this by discovering your audience and doing investigative work to figure out what type of information they like. Recommended Reading: How To Create A Marketing Strategy That Will Skyrocket Your Results By 9,360% Use Social Media and Third-Party Platforms to Uncover the Truth Moz is a platform that most users use to check their on-page SEO scores, find optimal keywords, and the Fresh Web Explorer to find keyword mentions across the World Wide Web. But guess what? There’s another way to use Moz, and that’s for learning more about your audience. Moz’s Link Explorer  is a great way to see who is linking to your site and where most of your links come from. To access your linking domains, log in at www.moz.com Find â€Å"Moz Pro† from the main nav Under â€Å"Research Tools† click on â€Å"Link Explorer† From there, click on â€Å"Linking Domains† Once you’re there, click on â€Å"root domains† Type in your website Discover all the websites that are linking to your domain. Where are most of your linking domains coming from? Social platforms – if most of your linking domains are social platforms, use that information to uncover the platforms people use, the way people talk to each other on those platforms, and the type of information usually shared. If, for example, your biggest linking domain is YouTube and most of your viewers comment and share videos, you can assume most of your audience members will benefit from more video content. Use that information to move to the next steps. Article websites – if most of your linking domains are from long-form articles, you might be able to infer that your audience loves detailed information. Use that to develop a plan later on. *Google – if most of your linking domains are from Google, you can assume that your audience is finding you organically. You may want to focus your efforts on your SEO skills. Google Analytics  is a platform that will give you a detailed look into your audience and what they do. To get started, go to https://analytics.google.com/  and log in. Under â€Å"Reports,† click on â€Å"Audience† Click on â€Å"Demographics† to learn about your audience’s demographics With Google Analytics, you can learn about your audience’s language, country, city, browser, service provider, screen resolutions, and, of course, you can explore your bounce rate, page sessions, and pageviews. But you can also dig deeper and look at things like Lifetime Value, Cohort Analysis, Audience Behavior and Audience Interest. But what we think you should always do is come up with a general chart of your audience based on their demographics and interests. This will help you start to see how you can connect with them in a way that they will respond best to.

Marketing channels and logistics Essays

Marketing channels and logistics Essays Marketing channels and logistics Essay Marketing channels and logistics Essay Marketing channels and logistics BY k3700026 1. Executive Summary This report is aimed at exploring the market channel and logistics in the case of SuperAlloy, the world-class provider of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims. Through the analysis of financial performance, the fluctuations of average selling days and inventory turnover are necessary to addressed. After the discussion, this report mentions three key, including the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain, breakthrough of market channels, deploying the system of logistics in China region. From the perspective of management, SuperAlloy should adapt external integration, estructure the supply chain collaboration, complete the breakthrough of market channels, highlight some KPIs, such as inventory turnover, average selling days, and the average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design, and deploy the logistics of China regions. 2. The Discussion for Task 1 2. The market opportunity for the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims With the designs of energy-saving technology growing mature in automobile market, the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims have become the important component in future lightweight vehicle. The components of high-strength forged aluminum alloy could e used to reduce vehicle weight and enhance the engine efficiency. Therefore, the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims have played the key part in automotive supply chain ( superalloy. tw/). The case company in this report is SuperAlloy, which has moved into the forged aluminum alloy wheel r ims since 1997. The first three key suppliers of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims are Americas ACOA, Germanys Otto Fuch, and Taiwans SuperAlloy. In China, the first provider for article_content_12953. html). The market opportunity for forged aluminum alloy wheel rims results from technological bar inherent in the high-strength forged luminum alloy wheel rims ( superalloy. tw/). First, it stems from high specifications in automobile system regarding safety. Thereby, the providers of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims are often required to meet the criteria by way of innovation of manufacturing process or material technology. Second, the process of aforementioned innovation result in longer lead times before mass production. Accordingly, higher margins for the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims often cost the higher-than-normal expense of high-quality services from RD team and sales team. On the other hands, the management for market channel and logistics plays the critical position in the technology-intensive industry. 2. 2 The financial performances of SuperAlloy As the appendix describes, SuperAlloy is the Taiwans biggest closed-mold forge company and ranked as the third position in the global forged aluminum alloy wheel rims industry. Based on the published financial data on the website of http:// newmopsov. twse. com. tw/, this report reviews the financial performances of SuperAlloy from 2006 to 2011, trying to identifying the issues behind market channel and logistics. Table 1 The financial performances of SuperAlloy Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 sale (NTD OOOS) 2,223,755 3,579,541 2723,396 Margin(%) 30. 39 20. 98 2. 72 20. 95 22. 44 17. 2 Operating margin(%) 17. 13 10. 83 -6. 81 6. 83 5. 42 Debt ratio(%) 59. 36 60. 35 63. 72 24. 23 46. 51 Inventory turnovers 1 . 1 1. 89 2. 05 2. 66 2. 98 2. 14 Average selling days (Days) 278. 62 193. 12 178. 04 137. 21 122. 48 170. 56 Asset turnovers 0. 37 0. 48 0. 46 0. 39 0. 43 0. 49 Cash flow 63. 06 60. 42 12. 01 4. 8 1 . 44 -6. 17 2. 4 3. 45 2. 74 0. 64 -19. 58 3. 8 5. 95 4. 13 Source: http://newmopsov. twse. com. tw NA means the data cant be accessed. As shown in table 1, the sales from 2006 to 2008 indicate the strong growth momentum, while the margins and operating margins in the same period indicate that more revenue didnt mean more profit. In 2008, the inventory turnover, asset turnover and average selling days indicate the positive progress on management. Therefore, the negative ROA in 2008 could be attributed to the issue of negative margin. It suggests the necessary adjustments regarding cost efficiency. According to the management interview traced on the website of (http://store. gvm. com. tw/ article_content_12953. tml), the improvement of manufacturing process and staff quality has been under the focus of internal management. Compared with the data shown in the appendix, SuperAlloy began to deliver forged aluminum wheel rims to Jaguar Cars and Tesla Motors in April 2008. In October 2008, SuperAlloy won a Toyota TMS gold award. Hence, the factors resulting in the negative operating margin in 2008 could be related to the effects from financial tsunami and following issues regarding cost efficiency. The fluctuation in the period from 2009 to 2011 reflects another pattern. Even with the lower revenue than 2009, the outcomes in 2010, ncluding inventory turnover, average selling days, margin and operating margin, indicate the best signal since 2006. However, affected by cripple effects resulted from the European debt crisis, the performance in 2011 delivers the signal of another economic impulse surrounding a higher average selling days as well as a lower inventory turnover. Figure 1 The compassion among sales, margin, operating margin Source: This report Based on the analysis of DuPont formulate, a lower ROA could result from lower asset turnover, indicating poor management, lower operating margin, or a combination of oth factors. The trend displayed in figure 1 suggests the downtrend of ROA an ROE in fgure 2 should be focused on the operating management. As shown in table 1, there are two points which are necessary be highlighted. First, the lower inventory turnover of 2011 suggests the efficiency of logistics should be improved, reflecting some problems linked with manufacturing system and sale team. Second, the higher average selling days indicate the forecasts for brand customers orders should be adjusted to the dynamic of market, indicating the key issues behind market channel and regarding strategies. These issues could involve the identification of problems, the cooperation of cross-group cooperation, internal integration or external integration. These topics will be discussed in following sections of this report. Figure 2 The compassion among sales, ROES, ROAS in the past Source: This report Based on the previous analysis, there are some issues necessary to be addressed. The lower inventory turnover of 2011 suggests possible challenges confronted SuperAlloy. From the perspective of operation between sale team and manufacturing department, lower inventory turnover mean the misinformation in the process of ommunication between these two departments. The sale team should take the role to maintain customer relationship and Judge where is the equilibrium among the capability of manufacturing department and customers demands and criteria. Once customers demand could not fit the capacity or the present category of product. The outsourcing process should be moved on in order to provide the total solutions for the timing and immediacy of orders. Accordingly, in accordance with the lecture of Marketing Channels Logistics by Mike Bourlakis(2012), the efficiency of outsourcing process will be the issue to be discussed. Before the discussion, its important to realize the characteristics in automotive supply chain. For the purpose, this report collects the information from the in-depth interview by e-mails through personal relationship connecting to some senior manager in the regarding forging field. Based on the process cited on the website of ]yeh. com. tw and personal in-depth interview with the senior manager by e-mails, the manufacturing process of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims could be referred as the following sequence: 1. Order entry, 2. Mold design making, 3. Material incoming, 4. Material inspecting, . Making product sample, 6. Quality confirm by customer, 7. Cutting 8. Forging, 9. Edge cutting, 10. Heat treatment, 11. Vibration grinding, 12. Pickling, 13. Drilling surface grinding hole machining 14. Anodized or coating, 15. Finished product inspection, 16. Packing delivery. Above process highlights the longer lead time for new product innovation depends on the sequence from step 2 to step 6. The average lead time for the trial order of a new customer to a formal mass-producing order usually cost six months to 1 5 months, according to the in-depth interview through emails. The major threshold for enerating new orders results from the capability of dealing well with customers requirement, such as the strength of product, the design of the product as well as the flexibility of rapid responses for customers immediate need and ideas. Besides maintaining the customer relationship with existent clients, the main promotion of sale teams in the industry is through the all kinds of exhibitions around the world. design, the following orders of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims will grow at the pace of automotive growth momentum. Above process for building up customer relationship results in the higher-than-normal threshold for new providers. . 3. 1 The first key challenges : The dilemma of collaboration in supply chain From the perspective of automotive supply chain, the difficulty and complexity inherent in the technique of forging aluminum alloy drive the outsourcing process and following collaborations. Notwithstanding, there will still be the dilemma for the collaboration of supply chain confronting SuperAlloy. The dilemma derives from the differentials among different companies, heated up by the process of distribution of benefits in customers orders and the difference of profitability of different automotive components. Thus, the partnership in supply chain is like the game theory, demonstrated by the prisons dilemma. From the perspective of protecting intangible assets, the know-hows and techniques embedded in forged aluminum alloy wheel rims mean the capability of moving into a higher margin market. Inevitably, more robust partnership, more comprehensive understanding . t symbolizes the advantage of core competition decays with the collaboration going on. Hence, the concerns of keeping the uniqueness of techniques will drive the dilemma into next stage, since both parties want to keep the competitiveness in the market nd sustain the original customer relationship. Whereas the dynamic of collaboration depends on more bargaining assets which party holds, like technologies, producing capac ity, the certification of customer as well as the capability of generating orders. Accordingly, the first key challenge in front of SuperAlloy is to meet the the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain collaboration. . 3. 2 The second key challenges : The breakthrough of market channels Even with the insurance of automotive customers certification, the unstable sale growth momentum will be always existent. The ncertainty is reflected on the volatility of average selling days in table 1 . The issue behind the higher average selling days in 2011 should be linked with the global economic concerns. Once the sale team loosens the monitoring for global automotive market, the reliability of customers order forecast will be overestimated. It could lead to the lower inventory turnover and higher average selling days, along with the fluctuating margins driven by unexpected downtrend in the market. Under previous global economy, the market channels of SuperAlloy should react through innovation, integration or diversification of product portfolio. Based on the point of view, the breakthrough of market channel should be addressed . For the time being, the promotion through exhibition is the key channel to contact potential customers. However, the promotion should be involved with RD team and sale team to back up the following communication with customers. From the perspective of efficiency and accumulating the key human capital, the management of the market channel should rely on the scheme of the key performance indicators, to utilize the existent human resources. For SuperAlloy, the second key challenge is the breakthrough of market channel. Based on above characteristics of automotive supply chain, SuperAlloy should leverage its customer relationship to build up the solid partnership and flexibility of outsourcing or other external integration. Therefore, the objectives of breakthrough of market channel are to bring into solid collaboration, maintain the promotion. . 3. 3 The third key challenges : Deploying the system of logistics in China region Under previous global economy, the growth momentum of automotive market depends on the stimulus of policy of subsidies, guiding people to transfer from traditional vehicles to energy-saving vehicles. Combined with brand customers romotion, the demand of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims co uld be heated up. Nonetheless, it should be a long way to go. Whenever reviewing the growth momentum around the world, China automotive market shouldnt be missed. Notwithstanding, the cooperation with Chinese local partners is not always an easy task, due to the regulations inherent in cultures and Joint venture. The issue of managing the logistics and sustaining the customer relationship shouldnt be ignored. Once the distance between the different customers basements are longer than ever, the efficiency of managing people in the process of logistics become ritical to the global operation. As shown in figure 3 in the appendix, SuperAlloy is running the global operation. Nonetheless, how to strengthen the efficiency of logistics in China region should be addressed as a crucial decision-making process, including the indicators of measuring performance and assembling the logistics depending on potential customers demand. In sum, there will be three key challenges for SuperAlloy to deal with in the future. They are listed as following points: 1. The dilemma of the collaboration in supply chain, 2. The breakthrough of market channels, 3. Deploying the system of logistics in China region. . The Discussion for Task 2 3. The solution for the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain After above discussion, the following parts of this report will be focused on how to generate the solutions for aforementioned three challenges. As far as the first challenge is concerned, the solutions will include supply chain integration. According to the characteristics of forging industry, the swap of equity to build up the long term collaboration should be listed as the fir st priority. The first reason results from the culture of Taiwans supply chain companies, which usually focus on the control of decision-making process. If the partners are without cross-shareholding, the external integration would be possibly deterred by mutual trusts and interest conflicts inherent in supply chain mentioned as above. On the other hand, the negotiation of the swap of equity will bring in the dynamic of adjustments and evaluation from all kinds of standing points. Thereby, the equilibrium of new collaboration could be achieved by the trade-off of industrial dynamics and the right of control. From the perspective of supply chain integration, first comes who could be authorized to adjust the logistics, then second comes the evaluation of performances. The two ecessary step are dependent on the equilibrium of equity structure. After the two procedures, the external integration and internal integration could be reorganized under the leadership. Under above discussion, the first solution to the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain is to start the external integration, based on the building up of new leadership and equilibrium of equity structure. For the sake of considering the differentials of company culture and accelerating the speed of market channels Based on the external integration mentioned as above, the following step is to start the breakthrough of market channels. With the capacity and flexibility inherent in new partnership, the promotion of creating total solutions for customers could strengthen the capability of keeping customers orders and drawing the potential customers orders. Once the flexibility of selecting qualified orders is enlarged up, the product mix could also be more appropriate than ever to restructure market channels and adjust logistics. Notwithstanding, the success of breakthrough of market channels depends on the building up the key performance indicators (KPI). Compared with above discussion regarding table 1, inventory turnover and average elling days could be ranked as two primary KPIs. Besides them, the average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design could be used as the KPI to measure the efficiency of integration between technological team and sale team. Reviewing the process of generating new order, average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design will include the plan for exhibition, the forecast of market trends and initial survey of customers and potential customers. Once the outcome is longer than expected, then the necessary interview or adjustment should be carried out. Since average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design is linked with the cooperation among members in both teams, the interaction among them could be under evaluation and immediate adjustments. 3. 3 The solution for deploying the system of logistics in China region After breakthrough of market channels, the customer relationship could be maintained efficiently. With the KPIs in previous discussion, the global operations around brand customers could be leveraged up in the deploying the system of logistics in China region. Under the differentials between Chinese enterprise ulture and Taiwan enterprise culture, the better way to deploying the system of logistics in China region is through the collective actions based on the new partnership. On the other hand, the logistics in China regions should be completed through the linkage with local relationship. The Joint venture with local critical family or key company will be reviewed as the must-be routine. Nonetheless, the past experiences in China region are not always profitable, due to the learning curve for local regulations and exclusive marketing channel. For the sake of utilization of xistent resources, the collective deployment under the external internal integration could shorten the adjustments , quickening the speed to fit customers demand in China regions. 4. Conclusions After the discussion in this report, the suggestions for SuperAlloy are listed as following point. The three key challenges are the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain, the breakthrough of market channels, deploying the system of logistics in China region. According to the analysis of arguments , the solutions for these challenges are stated as following. First, SuperAlloy should start the external supply hain integration, building up the new supply chain collaboration. Following that, SuperAlloy should restructure breakthrough of market channel, combining the management of KPIs in previous sections. Finally, SuperAlloy could utilize existent resources and partnership to deploy the logistics in China region. 1 . http://store. gvm. com. tw/article_content_12953. html 2. superalloy. tw/main. hp 3. http://newmopsov. twse. com. tw/ 4. gvm. com. tw/Boardcontent_12953_1 . html 5. autoinfo. gov. cn/autoinfo_cn/top/ydphb/index_ydphb. htm 6. http:// www. Jyeh. com. tw 7. Mike Bourlakis (2012), Marketing Channels Logistics,London: Brunel University. 6. Appendix: The company profile of SuperAlloy SuperAlloy , founded in 1994, has moved into the industry of forged wheel rims since 1997. From the perspective of revenue, SuperAlloy has created t he sales of NTD 27. 5E in 2011, operating Taiwans biggest closed-mold forge. Nonetheless, from the point of the company history in the industry of forged wheel rims, the initial stage from 1997 to 2000 have almost run out of original accumulated capital until the influx of venture capital from IJMC group, which is ranked the second position of IC foundry http://store. gvm. com. tw/article_content_12953. html). After the experience of initial stage, the management of SuperAlloy have started to focused on the operating efficiency and regarding capital expenditures such as the plants and equipments for forged aluminum alloy wheel rims. Since then, SuperAlloy has gradually passed the threshold of automotive supply chain. From the points of sale growth, the sale of 2004 was Just above NTD 5 hundred million, whereas SuperAlloy delivered the sale of NTD 22 hundred million in 2006 (http://store. gvm. com. tw/article_content_12953. html). The growth momentum results from the orders from global auto brands, such as 6M, FORD as well as Chrysler. According to the information on the companys website of superalloy. tw, the critical milestones of company history from 2000 to 2011 are listed as following: 2011. 1 Won the TOYOTA QUALITY Platinum Award. 2011. 07 AS 7003 NADCAP Materials -resting certified. 2011. 03 Germany KBAnuvvehtcle -rest certification certified: KBA NO. 48288 (Truck wheel 22. 5 x 1 1. 75). 2011. 03 Won the 19th Taiwan Excellence Award (truck wheel TE0002). 2010. 08 Won Supplier Excellent Performance Award from Bureau of Foreign Trade. 2010. 08 Won Finishing Light Metal Article Equipment and Methods NO. US00 7785452B2 U. S. patent. 2010. 06 AS9100 certified, supply Forging to AIDC Aerospace. 2010 The company get Honda, Land Rover, AMG Forged Wheel Program Awarded. 009. 07 The company by raising an additional NT$187 million in cash, with its capital increased to NT$2. 17 billion. 2009. 07 Opel Insignia OPC Forged Wheel Supplier. 2008. 04 The company began supplying forged aluminum wheel rims to Jaguar Cars and Tesla Motors. 2008. 10 In October 2008, SuperAlloys designs won customer recognition and a Toyota TMS gold award. 2007. 6 The company obtained Ford QI . 2007. 10 The company recapitalized undistributed earnings in the amount of NTD140. 5 million, bringing its paid-in capital to NTDI . 7655 billion, with a staff of 2006. 6 Phase 2 of Plant 2 was completed and the factory went into production. 2006. 10 The company expanded its plants and purchased additional equipment by raising NTD900 million in cash through issuing new shares at a premium of NTD700 million, with the companys paid-i n capital increased to NTDI . 625 billion and its shares traded on the emerging stock market. 2006. 11 The company began shipping wheel rims to Chrysler. 006. 11 The company hired new employees in the month to the end of 2006 to increase its workforce to 1006, with a new golf head end customer added to its customer base: 2005. 1 The company expanded its plants and purchased additional equipment by raising an additional NTD360 million in cash by issuing new shares . 2005. 01 The company expanded its plants and purchased additional equipment by raising an additional NT$360 million in cash by issuing new shares at a premium of NT$135 million, with paid-in capital increased to NT$I . 425 billion. As of the end of 2005, the companys employees had increased to 874. 2005. 1 The company added a new golf head end customer 2004. 05 The company began shipping wheel rims to Ford. 2004. 6 the company purchased additional fixed assets and built Plant 2 by raising an additional NTD128 million in c ash through issuing new shares at a premium of NTD48 million, with its capital increased to NTDI . 08 billion. 2004. 08 Phase I of Plant 2 was completed, with machines installed and production begun. 2004. 12 Plants were expanded and additional equipment purchased by raising an additional NT$192 million in cash through issuing new shares at a premium of NTD72 million, with paid- in capital increased to NTDI . billion and employees increased to 346. 2003. 5 The company purchased additional fixed assets and built Plant 2 by raising an additional NTD200 million in cash through issuing new shares, with its capital increased to NTD 1 billion and employees increased to 270. 2002. 07 The company purchased additional fixed assets by raising an additional NTDI 72. 3 million in cash through issuing new shares, with its capital increased to NTD 800 million and employees increased to 210. 2001. 09 The company purchased additional fixed assets by raising an additional NT$IOO million in cash thro ugh issuing new shares, with the total paid- n capital increased to NTD 627. million and employees increased to 147. 2001. 11 The company began shipping wheel rims to GM. 0 2000. 05 The company purchased additional fixed assets and built Plant 1 by raising an additional NT$300 million through issuing new shares and NT$29. 7 million through earnings recapitalization. The companys capital was increased to NTD527. 7 million and was renamed SuperAlloy Industrial Co. , Ltd. 2000. 11 Plant 1 was completed and inaugurated , with employees increased to 116. Figure 3 The global operating basements of SuperAlloy Source: superalloy. tw/main. php